智永与永字八法智永与永字八法.pdfVIP

1 智永与“永字八法” 常 耀 华 〈Summary 〉 The Chinese Character “永” with Eight Strokes that includes all the writing skills of brush in regular script was the most significant about calligraphy taoism, mentioned by Li Yanbing, a great calligrapher of Tang Dynasty. But there exist several different arguments about its inventor, such as Eight Strokes by Xizhi, the Character “ 永” with Eight Strokes by Youjun, by Zhi Yong, by Zhang Xu and so on. And all the exact statements of eight strokes are not the same either. The paper focuses on the analysis of different arguments and the meaning of the eight strokes, and the author also brings his ideas about the Chinese calligraphy values in the paper. 〈Key words 〉 Zhi Yong; the Chinese Character “永” with Eight Strokes; Chinese calligraphy values 南朝智永，本姓王，字法极，乃王羲之第五子徽之之后，与其兄孝宾，俱舍家入道，做了和 尚，法号智永。兄孝宾，法号惠欣。始住会稽嘉祥寺，即其祖父王羲之之故宅。后为方便拜扫祖 宗坟墓，移住山阴兰渚山下。梁武帝喜其兄弟皆入道，就把他兄弟俩所居之寺改称“永欣 寺”，“永欣”者，智永、惠欣之合称也。据宋髙宗皇帝御撰《思陵翰墨志》载，智永“克嗣家 法，居永欣寺阁三十年，临逸少真草千文，择八百本散在浙东，后并禊帖，传弟子辨才。”“退 笔塜”、“铁门限”的故事的主人公即是永禅师，唐李绰《尚书故实》：“﹝智永禅师﹞积年学 书，秃笔头十瓮。每瓮皆数石。人来觅书，并请题头者如市，所居户限为之穿穴，乃用铁叶裹 之，人谓为铁门限。”“学书以羲之为师法，笔力纵横，真草兼备，绰有祖风，为一时推重。” 智永书风蕴藉内敛，平淡之中深藏奇趣。苏东坡赞云：“永禅师书，骨气深稳，体兼众妙， 精能之至，反造踈淡，如观陶彭泽诗，初若散缓不收，反复不已，乃识其奇趣。”明王世贞亦感 叹：“智永书圆劲古雅，无一笔失度，妙在于藏锋敛态耳。余少时任尚书郎曾见绢本真迹于山阴 董氏，妙墨深入肤理，滃郁欲飞，真神物也。生时一字敌五万，今当不知何如耳！” 永禅师传其家逸少法，人称“无一笔不合”，“欲存王氏典型，以为百家书祖”1）。“其家 逸少法”、“王氏典型”何谓之也？或谓所指即“永字八法”。2） “永字八法”又称“智永永字 八法”、“羲之八法”、“右军永字八法”，也有称“张旭永字八法”者。 2 宋代陈思在其《书苑菁华》中谈到“永字八法”，他说“《禁经》云，八法起于隶字之始， 自崔（瑗）张（芝）钟（繇）王（羲之）传授，所用该于万字，墨道之最，不可不明也。隋僧智 永发其旨趣，授于虞秘监世南，自兹传授，彰厥存焉。阳冰曰：‘昔逸少工书，遂历多载，十五