第十一章多变量系统的耦合性分析.pptVIP

PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS Interaction Measure of Control Loops 2x2 system Experiment 1 Unit step change in m1 with all loops open Experiment 2 Relative Interaction Steady-State Process Gain Matrix use steady-state gain matrix to evaluate process behaviour - interaction useful gain info for determining control loop pairings RGA Relative Gain Array Properties of the RGA scale-independent - from definition row or column elements sum to 1 May be sensitive to errors in the gains - be careful using empirical transfer functions Closed-loop steady-state gain and open-loop gain CALCULATING RGA’S FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES We illustrate the procedure by a 2 x 2 system .For the steady-state, the model is: For open-loop conditions Keep y2 = 0 in changes in m1 and yield THE MATRIX METHOD FOR CALCULATING RGA’S Let Let The elements of the RGA can be obtained from the elements of these two matrices: LOOP PAIRING USING RGA Interpretation of the RGA -- gain amplification - loop gain increased if other loops are closed BASIC LOOP PAIRING RULES Rule 1: Pair input and output variables that have positive RGA elements that are closest to 1.0. where denotes the paired RGA elements corresponding to the kth alternative Interpretation of the RGA - Distillation Example relative gain array - ADDITIONAL RULES The Niederlinski Criterion test for instability based on steady-state information arrange transfer function matrix so that pairings are on diagonal Niederlinski Criterion closed-loop multi-loop system is unstable if  sufficient condition to identify instability if condition is not satisfied, we have failed to detect instability (as opposed to confirming stability) -- this does NOT imply stability use as a screening tool - identify problem cases Example Jacobi Eigenvalue Criterion Jacobi eigenvalue matrix ADVANCED TOPICS Loop Paring for Nonlinear Systems Assuming that a process model is available, two approaches can be