04-论文初稿-摘要部分.pptVIP

论文初稿的撰写摘要部分 撰写初稿就是在提纲的基础上，把论点具体化，用所选材料去论证，使论文初具规模，为修改论文准备好“蓝本”。 毕业论文字数比较多，篇幅较长，写作时不可能一次完成。但是对那些相对独立，内容完整的部分最好能一次完成。因为写作思路一旦中断，恢复需要一定的时间。而写作时出现的灵感也是稍纵即逝。因此撰写初稿时需要注意写作的流畅性和即兴发挥，无需担心细枝末节的格式或形式，因为在以后的修改和校对中还会再详细审视原稿。 在撰写初稿之前，应大致了解论文的组成。 摘要和关键词的撰写 What are Abstracts? An abstract is a stand-alone statement that briefly conveys the essential information of a paper; presents the objective, methods, results, and conclusions of a research project; has a brief, non-repetitive style. 对论文内容不加注释和评论的简要陈述，包括研究论题、方法、意义以及由此得出的结论。 Abstracts are important because: They are the first thing people read in a paper They are used in collections of papers They are used in searchable databases 通过阅读摘要，为读者阅读、信息人 员及计算机检索提供方便：读者可不必浏览全文便可把握论文的主旨。 Functions/Parts of Abstract 1) background information（研究的背景） 2) purpose of the study /principle activity（主要研究目或研究活动） 3) method（研究方法） 4) research results（研究结果） 5) conclusion / recommendation(结论或建议） Background: A simple opening sentence or two placing the work in context. Aims: One or two sentences giving the purpose of the work. Method(s): One or two sentences explaining what was done. Results: One or two sentences indicating the main findings. Conclusions: One sentence giving the most important consequence of the work. (Telling what the results mean). Task 1: Sample Analysis 1) Make an analysis of the following abstract: in terms of background, purpose, methods, results, etc. 2) Try to put the abstract into Chinese With a listening typewriter, what an author says would be automatically recognized and displayed in front of him or her. However, speech recognition is not yet advanced enough to provide people with a reliable listening typewriter. An aim of our experiments was to determine if an imperfect listening typewriter would be used for composing letters. Participants dictated letters, either in isolated words or in consecutive word speech. They did this with simulations of listening typewriters that recognized either a l