英语口译13-18章.ppt

Chapter 13 语篇衔接 Narrative Function of Texts A text is a combination of a variety of communication functions, for example, description, narration and argumentation. The narrative function is the function of communicating dynamic messages such as actions, activities and events. Narrative Discourse – Elements Background Characters Events Ending Comments eg. It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January. (1) 我原拟于一月份访问中国，后来不得不推迟，令我十分失望。 (2)我十分失望，我不得不推迟访问的日程。我原本打算一月份访问中国。 Text An English text can be seen as an organic whole with sentences inter-connected and meanings linked up. Sentences not only have ostensive glutinosity（外显粘合性）, but also internal semantic and functional unity and reference（内在聚合性与互参性）. Text? There was no possibility of a walk that day. Income tax rates for 1984 have already been announced. What is the defining characteristic of ‘regulate’? Surely you did not tell her how it happened? Textuality Cohesion（衔接） Coherence（连贯） Cohesion The concept of cohesion is a semantic one; it refers to relations of meaning that exist within the text, and that define it as a text. (Halliday Hason, Cohesion in English, 1976) Cohesion It is the linking up of words; the way of linking up all parts of discourse. It may exist inter-paragraph or inter-sentence, and may exist within a sentence between different parts. It is the tangible network of a text. Cohesion – 5 Types Reference (照应) Substitution (替代) Ellipsis (省略) Conjunction (连接词语) Lexical Cohesion (词汇衔接) (Halliday Hason, 1976) Cohesion at Work – Reference Use of pronouns, relative pronouns, etc. to achieve semantic reference of one part of the text to another eg. If you happened to meet the boy, don’t tell him his mother is in hospital. 若你见到那孩子，不要说他妈妈生病住院的事情。 Cohesion at Work – Substitution Use of another structure to substitute information given to avoid repetition eg. Your hat is more e