生理学 细胞(双语).ppt

第 二 章  细胞的基本功能;In order to understand the function of organs and tissues of the body, it is essential that we first study the basic physiological function of the cells, including Transport across the cell membrane Bioelectrical phenomena of the cell Contraction of muscle; 第 一 节 C膜的基本结构和物质转运功能;一. 膜的化学组成和分子结构;水;2）蛋白质：较多（重量）;液态镶嵌模型;二.C膜物质转运功能;㈠. 单纯扩散 （simple diffusion）;;㈡. 易化扩散 Facilitated Diffusion;; 通 道 阻 断 剂 Na+ 河豚毒 (TTX） Ca2+ Mn2+、维拉帕米 K+ 四乙基铵;① 化学门控通道—化学物质（Ach） ② 电压门控通道—膜两侧电位差 ③ 机械门控通道—机械刺激;Facilitated diffusion through channel: Voltage-gated ion channel Chemically-gated ion channel Mechanically-gated ion channel ;通道开放;Some transport proteins have watery spaces all the way through the molecule and allow free movement of certain ions or molecules. They are called channel proteins. Diffusion carried out by protein channel is termed channel mediated diffusion.;2）载体介导的～Facilitated diffusion via carrier;? ;细胞内; 依靠载体的易化扩散;Concept: Diffusion carried out by carrier protein Substance: glucose, amino acid Mechanism: a “ferry” or “shuttle” process;Facilitated Diffusion Definition: Facilitated diffusion means the diffusion of lipid insoluble or water soluble substance across the membrane down their concentration gradients by aid of membrane proteins (carrier or channel) Substances: K+, Na+, Ca2+, glucose, amino acid, urea etc.;㈢. 主动转运Active transport;离子通道转运与钠-钾泵转运模式图;;细胞外;3.继发性～（联合转运）; 泵;细胞外;Active transport When the cell membrane moves molecules or ions uphill against a concentration gradient (or uphill against an electrical or pressure gradient), the process is called active transport Primary active transport: the energy used to cause the transport is derived directly from the breakdown of ATP or some other high-energy phosphate compound Secondary active transport: The energy is derived secondarily from energy that has been stored in the form of ionic concentration differences between the two si