抗生素与炭疽（英文PPT）Factory Farms, Antibiotics and AnthraxPPT.ppt

* Factory Farms, Antibiotics and Anthrax: Putting Profits Before Public Health Martin Donohoe, MD, FACP Outline Factory Farming Agricultural Antibiotics Cipro and Anthrax Bayer Conclusions Factory Farming Factory farms have replaced industrial factories as the # 1 polluters of American waterways 1.4 billion tons animal waste generated/yr 130 x human waste Factory Farming Cattle manure 1.2 billion tons 16kg livestock feces and urine produced for every 0.3kg steak Pig manure 116 million tons Chicken droppings 14 million tons Factory Farm Waste Overall number of hog farms down from 600,000 to 157,000 over the last 15yrs, while # of factory hog farms up 75% 1 hog farm in NC generates as much sewage annualy as all of Manhattan Agricultural Antibiotic Use Agriculture accounts for 70% of U.S. antibiotic use Use up 50% over the last 15 years Almost 8 billion animals per year “treated” to “promote growth” Larger animals, fewer infections in herd Consequences of Agricultural Antibiotic Use Campylobacter fluoroquinolone resistance VREF (due to avoparcin use in chickens) MRSA in pork, chickens Gentamycin- and Cipro-resistant E. coli in chickens Antibiotic Resistant Pathogens CDC: “Antibiotic use in food animals is the dominant source of antibiotic resistance among food-borne pathogens.” $4billion/yr to treat antibiotic-resistant infections in humans EU bans use of all antibiotic growth promoters effective 1/1/06 Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act – awaiting vote Alternatives to Agricultural Antibiotic Use Decrease overcrowding Better diet/sanitation/living conditions Control heat stress Vaccination Increased use of bacterial cultures and specific antibiotic treatment in animals when indicated Alternatives to Agricultural Antibiotic Use: Vegetarianism ↓ water/grain needs ↓ animal fecal waste ↓ rendering/mad cow disease ↓ rBGH (→ ↑IGF-1 in milk) Health benefits Meatpacking = most dangerous job in US Agricultural Antibiotics Three years a