3 从句.docVIP

主谓宾定状补 在6大句子成分中 除了谓语必须是动词但当 其他成分 主宾定状补 除了单词 短语可担当之外 句子也可以担当 并且把这样的句子叫做从句 主要有定语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。1.定语从句：其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 　　2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that指物指人, which指物, who指人, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where指地点, when指时间, why指原因等。关系词常有3个作用：引导定语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中担当一个成分。 Is he the man who wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who在从句中作主语）(2) He is the man whom I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom在从句中作宾语）1.who指人在从句中做主语 　　(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，基本可以通用。唯一区别是who可以做主语而whom不可以。） 　　(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with. 刘先生就是和你聊天的那个人. 　　(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩. 　　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友. 　　 　　3. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 　　(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow? 　　　　4.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏. 　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔. 　　5. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 　　在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 　　(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 　　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 　　 　　2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. 　　. 　　3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 　　(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 　　 　　注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 　　(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. (2) The house where I lived has been pulled down (2) Th