[医学]2颈部.pptVIP

Proper neck Torticollis * 中 南 大 学 The Neck Section of Neck Deng Xiaohua Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Xiang-ya School of Medicine, CSU Email: xiaohuadeng@ Outline ◇ Introduction ◇ Fascia of neck ◇ Thyroid gland Boundary and Subdivisions ◇ Muscle, Blood vessel, nerve and lymphatic vessels ◇ Cervical part of trachea ◇ Root of neck Boundary of the neck ◇ Introduction Occipital T Supraclavicular T Submandibular T Submental T ◇ Subdivisions of the neck Anterior area of neck Posterior area of neck Lateral area of neck Suprahyoid A Subhyoid A Carotid T Muscular T Sternocleidomastoid area ◇ Fascia of neck Superficial cervical fascia Deep cervical fascia Enveloping (Investing) fascia Pretracheal fascia, buccopharygeal fascia Prevertebral fascia Location and shape ◇ Thyroid gland 甲状腺：甲状舌管内胚层 甲状旁腺：咽囊内胚层 Adjacent to thyroid gland Thyroid artery superior thyroid artery inferior thyroid artery arteria thyroid ima Thyroid vein superior thyroid vein middle thyroid vein inferior thyroid vein Relationship of thyroid artery and recurrent laryngeal nerve Clinical Notes ◇ Cervical part of trachea ◇ Root of neck 颈根部: 胸颈区和颈腋区的结构。 前界：胸骨柄； 后界：第一胸椎体； 两侧：第一肋 1、膈神经 2、臂丛 3、锁骨下动脉 4、胸膜顶与肺尖 5、胸导管颈段 6、Virchow淋巴结 （魏尔啸氏淋巴结） 7、前斜角肌 ◇ Root of neck ◇ Muscle, Blood vessel, nerve and lymphatic vessels of neck 胸锁乳突肌sternocleidomastoid： 起自胸骨柄前面和锁骨的胸骨端，止于颞骨的乳突。 作用：一侧肌收缩使头向同侧倾斜，脸转向对侧； 两侧收缩可使头后仰。该肌最主要的作用是维持头 的正常端正姿势以及使头在水平方向上从一侧到另 一侧的观察事物运动。 胸锁乳突肌是痉挛性斜颈作用机制中的重要肌肉之一。 当出现病理性收缩时，可致斜颈。临床上，可因胎儿头 部在子宫内发育时因各种原因引起的偏向一侧，有的是 在分娩过程中因产伤造成胸锁乳突肌出血、血肿而导致 的肌挛缩。从而引起斜颈畸形。 Congenital Torticollis Spasmodic Torticollis * * *