(精选)Nursing Care and Interventions with Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder Pancreas教学课件.pptVIP

Most hep A resolve completely Most hep B C result in chronic lifelong viral infection Some may remain asymptomatic…others have intermittent sx of above ALT-liver specific AST-found in other organs but elevates with liver disease ALP-sum of isoenzymes found in numerous body organs, but high concentrations found in liver bile duct High ALP levels can show that the bile ducts are blocked. Liver (Liver ALP): Cholestasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, cirrhosis, hepatitis, fatty liver, liver tumor, liver metastases, PRURITUS-bile acids accumulate in blood if not able to be transferred to bile cause itching Jaundice-bilirubin gives bile its color-RBC broken down-hgb converts to free bilirubin and then part of bile in liver Accumulation of bilirubin in blood…norm .1-1.2-jaundice present 2 In liver disease influence ability to remove bilirubin from the blood or conjugate it so it can be emilinated in bile Hep C 75-85% will lead to chronic infection…20% develop cirrhosis over 20-30 years of which 20% develop liver failure Progression of Hep C responsible for most liver transplants Cirrhosis- risk factors for progression include male-ETOH, obesity, elevated cholesterol, DM Ascites Increased hydrostatic pressure from portal hypertension causes fluid to be displaced into peritoneal cavity Albumin decreased due to liver damage and displacement into abd space Decreased colloids in circulation…tend to have significant third spacing LIVER CANCER One of the most common tumors in the world Most common complaint: abdominal discomfort Treatment includes: Chemotherapy Surgery LIVER TRANSPLANT Used in the treatment of end-stage liver disease, primary malignant neoplasm of the liver Donor livers obtained primarily from trauma victims who have not had liver damage Donor liver transported to the surgery center in a cooled saline solution that preserves the organ for up to 8 hours Cirrhosis is extensive scarring of the liver, usually caused by a chronic irreversible reaction to hepa