(人机工程学）2第二章人机系统.ppt

人机工程学;第二章 人 机 系 统 ;人机工程学的主要研究对象是“系统中的人”，人是属于特定系统的一个组成部分。但人机工程学并非孤立地研究人，它同时研究系统的其它组成部分，以便根据人的特性和能力，来设计和改造系统。; 对设计而言，人机系统的概念更多的是指一种思想，一种观察事物的方法。可以从以下四个方面来认识。 1．系统的概念 “系统”即由相互作用和相互依赖的若干组成部分结合成的具有特定功能的有机整体。对于设计者而言，一个系统的定义是表明他确认了一个目标，并对其进行了全面的分析，了解为了实现该目标需要具备一些什么样的功能，以及这些功能之间的相互联系。;系统的思想认为 在一个系统中，部分的意义是通过总体解释的。有了总体的概念，才能处理好各个部分的设计，这是一条符合系统思想的设计哲理。;2．人机系统的组成 人机系统包括人和机两个基本组成部分，它们相互联系构成一个整体。这两个部分是缺一不可的，否则就不是本专业设计的对象。; The module presents a model of human interaction with machines, computers, or other systems and potential environmental influences on that interaction.? This model conceptually divides a system into a human-side and a machine-side to illustrate and describe these interactions.? Understanding the comparative strengths and weaknesses of the human versus the machine side of a system is crucial to the design of systems that capitalize on human capabilities and compensate for human limitations. ;人机系统模型;;信息接受;;?The Human Factors Model The model presented in this module is one depiction of how humans and systems interact. Environmental influences on that interaction have been added.? The model illustrates a typical information flow between the human and machine components of a system. ? This model will be used to introduce all of the other course modules. ;;;;;;;;Human Factors Model Applied to User Interaction with a Cell Phone In this instance, the model depicts information transfer points or interfaces between a user and a cell phone. ?The model also takes into account the environment within which the user-system interactions take place. ?Such a model or diagram can be useful early in system conceptualization and design as a starting point to determine where, when, and how a user can be expected to interface with a system. ?It can be used to begin definition of what information must be communicated between the user and the system and how this communication is to be accomplished.? For conceptual purposes, our model is broken