倒极式电透析.ppt

Advanced drinking water treatment- Electrodialysis (ED) and Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) Process Spring semester Year 2004 Introduction Electrodialysis (ED) is an electromembrane process in which ions are transported through ion permeable membranes from one solution to another under the influence of a potential gradient. The electrical charges on the ions allow them to be driven through the membranes fabricated from ion exchange polymers. Applying a voltage between two end electrodes generates the potential field required. Introduction Since the membranes used in electrodialysis have the ability to selectively transport ions having positive or negative charge and reject ions of the opposite charge, useful concentration, removal, or separation of electrolytes can be achieved by electrodialysis. Electrodialysis Reversal(EDR) 倒極式電透析 To reverse the direction of the current to prevent the scaling to prolong the operation duration. Ion Permeable Membranes The ion permeable membranes used in ED are essentially sheets of ion-exchange resins. They usually also contain other polymers to improve mechanical strength and flexibility. The resin component of a cation-exchange membrane would have negatively charged groups (e.g., -SO3-) chemically attached to the polymer chains. Ion Permeable Membranes Ions with a charge opposite to the fixed charge (counter ions) are freely exchanged at these sites. The concentration of counter ions (e.g., Na+) is relatively high; therefore, counter ions carry most of the electric current through the membrane. The fixed charges attached to the polymer chains repel ions of the same charge (co-ions), in this case the anions. Permeability of ion exchange membrane Ion exchange membrane Electrodialysis Stack Construction Basic theory for Electrodialysis General: Faraday’s principle Example of electrodialysis Process limitation for ED Membrane polarization (limiting current) Current efficiency Scaling potential Fouling potential Operating vari