英语发展史week 1.pptVIP

Morpheme词素 The smallest linguistic sign is the morpheme. apples:　apple + s applejack: apple + jack free morpheme自由词素 bound morpheme黏着语素 Language as speech The signs of language are basically vocal, or oral-aural, sounds produced by the mouth and received by the ear. Why not gestures or hand signals? The ears can hear sounds coming from any direction; the eyes see only those gestures made in front of them. Why speech is more important than writing? 1. Writing was derived from and represented speech Human beings have been writing for at least 5,000 years, but they have been talking for much longer. 2. We all learn to talk long before we learn to write. 3. It takes a special effort to learn to write. Speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized. Language as conventions Human vocal apparatus makes it inevitable that human languages will have only a limited range of sounds. Language as human Do birds and beats really talk? Parrots, chimpanzees Language as communication The purpose of language is to communicate. The language historian divides English history into three times: 2、Middle English 中古英语时期 1、Ancient English 古英语时期 3、Modern English 现代英语时期 （又称盎格鲁-萨克森时期公元450—1100年） 英语的历史从1500多年前的北欧开始。 在公元5世纪左右，称为盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人的部落从德国和丹麦旅行向西过北海。他们迁入英国，并在7世纪末以前，他们所讲的即为早期形式的英语。 The history of the English language began over 1500 years ago in the north of Europe. Around the fifth century A.D., tribes of people known as the Angels, Saxons, and Jutes traveled west from Germany and Denmark across the North Sea. They settled in Britain, and by the late seventh century, they were speaking an early form of the English. 1、Ancient English In the late eighth century, the Vikings attacked England. Fighting continued for years. During this time, almost two hundred many Latin, Danish, and Norse words entered the English language. Latin gave English words like kitchen and cup. From Danish and Norse, English borrowed skin, leg, and the pronouns them, their, and th