Chapter 23 Mobile Communication Speech Coders TI C5000官方教材.pptVIP

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Chapter 23 Mobile Communication Speech Coders TI C5000官方教材.ppt

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Chapter 23 Mobile Communication Speech Coders TI C5000官方教材.ppt

Structures of Frames Coders using Short Term and Long Term Prediction RELP ? MPE LP?CELP RPE-LTP GSM Full Rate Coders GSM Full Rate Coder is called: RPE LTP= Regular Pulse Excited, Long Term Prediction coder The signal u = the best down-sampled version (? 4) of the residual signal r. In CELP coders, vector quantization is applied on the signal. CELP = Code Excited Linear Prediction coder Each frame of residual signal is compared to sequences of signal stored in a codebook. The codebook sequences are white and the codebook is called stochastic codebook. CELP Coder Basic Scheme Analysis by synthesis (closed loop) to find the best excitation sequence. Structure of CELP Coder: Perceptual Filter Perceptual filter: the reconstruction error is spectrally weighted exploiting noise masking properties of formants. W(z)=A(z/?1)/A(z/ ?2), 0 ? ?1, ?2 ? 1 A*(z)=A(z/?) (poles towards zero) CELP Coder with Perceptual Filter Basic CELP Structure: Perceptual Filter Inserted in the 2 Branches H(z)=W(z)/A(z) CELP Structure: Memory of H(z) Memory of H(z) = Output for a zero input hi= impulse response of H(z) CELP Coder: Memory of H(z) CELP: Adaptive Codebook LTP can be realized by an adaptive codebook CELP with Stochastic Codebook The adaptive codebook stores the past residual frames. It is called adaptive because its content changes with time. CELP Decoder CELP Equations Example: Searching through Codebooks The main load is the filtering of all the codebook vectors. Filtering Matrix H H(n) is the impulse response corresponding to H(z). N = length of the codebook vectors. Finding the Best Excitation in the Coder:Equation of the Solution J least square criterion For a set of 2 vectors cj,i(j), F is the 2 column matrix of filtered vectors fj,i(j) CELP Optimal Solution Optimal algorithm finds the best combination of code vectors maximizing the norm and finds the optimal gains gj. But the number of combinations of codebook vectors is very high and the complexity is also great. Example