chapter 8 sociolinguistics 英语专业语言学PPT幻灯片课件.pptVIP

Chapter 8 Sociolinguistics Language is a city to the building of which every human being brought a stone. ——Ralph Waldo Emerson Once you open your mouth, you are placed. —— Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw Points to cover 1. special terms: Standard language, dialects, registers, pidgins and creoles, code switching, language sexism 2. discussion: Differences between English and Chinese in terms of linguistic taboos and euphemism The relationship between language and gender Sociolinguistics 196 The study of language in relation to society. It studies the relations between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the language users live. Standard language （add) 1. Standard Chinese/Standard Mandarin, the phonology is based on Beijing dialect; the grammar is standardized to the body of modern literary works written in vernacular Chinese. 2. RP:Received Pronunciation in British English 3. SAE: Standard American English Standard language 标准语言 1 Also called standard variety or standard dialect, standard language is the dominant, or prestigious variety. It is the variety of a language which has the highest status in a community or nation and which is usually based on the speech and writing of educated native speakers of the language . 8.2.2 Classification of Dialects Regional dialects Social dialects Accents Dialects of English Phonological differences Lexical differences Syntactic differences Seven dialect areas in China 官话、吴语、闽方言、赣方言、客家方言、湘方言、粤方言 方言区划(一般分四个层次): 区、片（次方言）、小片、点 如: 吴语区——太湖片——苏沪嘉小片——苏州话 Dialects The “standard” dialects and vernaculars Black (vernacular) English Phonology Syntax History (Origin) (1) The African slaves learned English from their colonial masters as a second language. (2) Influences of the African languages spoken by the slaves. (3) BE is closer to the Southern dialect of English. 8.2.4 Lingua franca 通用语 A language which is used habitually by people whose mother to