Chapter 5 Operating System Computer English 计算机专业英语—电子教程演示教学.pptVIP

Computer English ;Key points:  Function and structure of Operating SystemDifficult points:  Resource allocation and related functions User interface functions ;Requirements:;New Words Expressions: OS (Operating System) 操作系统 binding n. 捆绑 mutual interference 相互干扰 interface n.界面，接口 facilitate vt. 推动, 帮助，促进 allocation n.分配, 安置 constraint n.约束, 强制, 局促 criteria n.标准 embody vt.具体表达, 使具体化 entry n. 条目，登录 privilege n.特权； vt.给与...特权 partition vt.分区 approach n. 方法, 途径 a priori 预先,事前 perceive v.感知, 感到, 认识到 preemption n.抢占 suboptimal adj.未达最佳标准的 entrust v.委托 sequential adj. 顺序的,串行的 exclusive use 专用 concurrent adj.并发的, 并行的 de-allocate vt. 释放 scheduling n.调度 salient features 特征, 特色 initiate vt. vi. 开始, 发动;OS functions can be classified into Resource allocation and related functions User interface functions. The resource allocation function implements resource sharing by the users of a computer system. Basically, it performs binding of a set of resources with a requesting program, that is, it associates resources with a program. The related functions implement protection of users sharing a set of resources against mutual interference.;Resource allocation criteria depend on whether a resource is a system resource or a user-created resource. Allocation of system resources is driven by considerations of efficiency of resource utilization. Allocation of user-created resources is based on a set of constraints specified by its creator and typically embodies the notion of access privileges.;Two popular strategies for resource allocation are: Partitioning of resources Allocation from a pool;In the resource partitioning approach, the OS decides a priori what resources should be allocated to a user computation. This approach is called static allocation because the allocation is made before the execution of a program starts. Static resource allocation is simple to implement, however, it could lead to suboptimal util