骨科组织工程动物模型.ppt

Tissue EngineeringCato T. Laurencin et al (1999): “The application of biological, chemical, and engineering principles towards the repair, restoration and regeneration of living tissue using biomaterials, cells, and factors alone or in combination” The “3Rs” Main Subtitles:I. How to Choose Animal ModelsII. Commonly Used Models III. Project Designing IV. Methods of Evaluation Researchers should consider the following issues when selecting a research animal: ? Ethics  ? Availability ? Housing Requirements ? Ease of Handling  ? Costs ? Diseases  ? Background Data of the Animal Ethics / Animal Research Balance - Public concerns Scientific judgment - Most people have more moderate views:  Need animal research, with limitations - Rats rabbits, pigs, and goats dogs, cats (Rats, pigs, rabbits, or goats should be considered  first. Dogs and cats are used if it is essential.)- Directly applicable to patients Basic science- Less pain and suffering more pain- Less number large number Ethics – “3Rs”In 1959, Russell and Burch, two English scientists, introduced The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. - “The 3Rs”:  ? Replacement of animals, by in vitro methods  or more primitive animals? Reduction of the number of animals required ? Refinement of experimental methods to  reduce pain and stress of the animal AvailabilitySecuring animals of a particular species, strain, type, or age is very important for a specific project.  ? In developed countries (United States, Canada, Japan, some European countries), it is not a problem. ? In developing countries it can be a major problem, especially for healthy research animals. Housing Requirements Your facility may not have the capacity for certain animals (such as primates or goats). It is better to choose another species at your institution if the project allows because: ? it avoids traveling to another plac