论新修订的《水污染防治法》的突破与不足——以淮河流域水污染控制为视角-on the breakthrough and deficiency of the newly revised water pollution prevention law —— from the perspective of water pollution control in huaihe river basin.docxVIP
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论新修订的《水污染防治法》的突破与不足——以淮河流域水污染控制为视角-on the breakthrough and deficiency of the newly revised water pollution prevention law —— from the perspective of water pollution control in huaihe river basin
中文摘要水是生命之源、工业的血液、农业的命脉。我国水资源总量丰富,在 世界上居于第三位,但同时我国又是个贫水国,人均占有量仅及世界平均 水平的四分之一。近年来不断发生的水污染事件,不仅造成了重大的经济 损失,而且也严重影响了人民的日常生活。如何防治水污染,保护和改善 水环境,保障人体健康,保证水资源的有效利用,促进经济社会可持续发 展是我们在当前阶段面临的重要问题。本文主要采用比较分析的研究方法,通过对本次修订前后两部《水污 染防治法》的对比,以淮河流域水污染控制的困境为视角,并结合多年来 对水污染控制的经验,评析本次修订的《水污染防治法》的突破与不足。 依据“重典治污”的设想,最后提出在《刑法》中引入“水污染罪”的建议。 本文分为引言、正文和结语三个部分,其中正文包括以下主要内容: 第一部分主要介绍淮河流域水污染的现状及水污染持续恶化的原因。 如:政府的失位造成经济结构不合理,流域水资源开发过度以及片面的追 求经济指标的增长;流域监管机构法律地位不清晰造成水污染执法困难和监管不力;立法不完善造成“守法成本高,违法成本低”的现状等。 第二部分结合淮河流域水污染治理的困境,详细评析本次新修订的《水污染防治法》的亮点。从强化政府责任到引入公众参与机制;从“排污 总量控制”到引进“区域限批”制度;从提高超标排污的处罚标准到赋予环保部门更多职权;从完善环境监管网络到建立突发事件应急预案等都作了详 细的规定。第三部分重点分析本次修订的《水污染防治法》的不足并提出相关建议。主要有政府问责应进一步规范、排污权交易应说明、生态补偿机制需 细化等几个方面并提出在《刑法》中引入“水污染罪”的设想。要想从根本上改变我国水资源污染严重的现状,改善人民的生活环 境,保障国家的水生态安全,我们在依靠法律法规的同时,更需要在社会上倡导“节约水资源,保障水安全”的环保意识。只要全民素质普遍提高, 人人都参与到环境保护中来,我们期待的那一天就可提早到来。关键词:水污染总量控制排污许可区域限批应急预案AbstractWater is the source of the life, the blood of the industry, and the lifeblood of the agriculture. Chinas total water resources is abundant in the world which takes the third place, but China is also a water-deficient country that per capita consumption is only a quarter of the worlds average level. In recent years, for the water pollution incident, not only causing huge economic losses to the entire valley, but also a serious impact on the daily lives of the people. How to prevent water pollution, protect and improve the water environment and protect human health and ensure the effective use of water resources as well as promoting sustainable economic and social development are the important issues that we face in the current phase.In this paper, we use comparative analysis of research methods, through comparing the amendment of two Water Pollution Control Act, from the perspective of the plight of Huai River water pollution control, combined with years of experiences in water pollution controlling, give this assessment of breakthrough and lack of revised Water Pollution Control Act. Based on “heavy penalties imposed to prevent
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