干热过程中美拉德反应对蛋清粉凝胶性的改性分析-modification analysis of maillard reaction on gel property of egg white powder in dry heat process.docxVIP
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摘要干热过程中美拉德反应对蛋清粉凝胶性的改性研究学科、专业:食品科学入学时间:2008.09研究生姓名:王玉堃答辩时间:2011.03指导老师:杨严俊教授授予学位时间:摘要蛋清粉以其高凝胶特性广泛应用于食品工业,其凝胶性强弱主要取决于蛋清中卵白 蛋白的性质。本文利用低分子量还原糖对卵白蛋白进行改性,并研究还原性单糖、双糖、 三糖(葡萄糖、麦芽糖、麦芽三糖)对卵白蛋白改性的呈现出的不同效果。首先研究了三种还原糖与卵白蛋白反应的接枝率与荧光强度之间的变化,通过接枝 率与荧光强度来表征美拉德反应初级阶段与高级阶段进行的程度。结果发现还原性单糖 修饰的卵白蛋白其美拉德反应的初级阶段与高级阶段呈同步进行关系,随着还原糖分子 量的提高,美拉德反应高级阶段受到明显的抑制。随后研究了还原糖对卵白蛋白二级结构的影响。结果表明:在干热过程中 α+β 结构(紧密有序结构)随反应进行而不断减少,其中麦芽糖与麦芽三糖修饰的卵白蛋白下降 趋势最为明显;T-转角(松散有序结构)结构呈明显上升趋势,其含量随单糖、双糖、 三糖的顺序依次呈递增趋势。因此,还原糖分子量的提高有助于诱导卵白蛋白分子结构 发生改变从而呈现出“溶胀”状态。接着对改性反应过程中溶解性、疏水性、表面巯基相对含量、凝胶性做了进一步研 究。结果发现改性后的卵白蛋白溶解性在反应初期明显高于未改性的卵白蛋白,但在反 应后期溶解性急剧下降,随还原糖分子量不断增大,下降速度逐渐减缓。未改性的卵白 蛋白疏水性呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,这是因为未修饰的卵白蛋白在干热初期包埋于 分子内部的疏水性基团不断暴露于分子表面使疏水性上升,而到后期又重新聚集在一 起,疏水性下降;还原糖修饰后的卵白蛋白,其疏水性在反应前期不断升高,后期保持 稳定不变,这可能与还原糖诱导蛋白分子二级结构变化有关,经还原糖修饰的卵白蛋白 有更多的疏水性基团暴露于分子表面。还原糖修饰的卵白蛋白表面巯基相对含量呈现先 升高后降低的趋势,这可能是分子构象改变与巯基-二硫键共同作用的结果。改性的蛋 清粉凝胶强度均高于未改性的蛋清粉凝胶强度,其中麦芽三糖修饰的蛋清粉凝胶强度呈 现良好的上升趋势,而葡萄糖和麦芽糖则出现先升高后下降的趋势。最后采用液质联用的方法对还原糖与卵白蛋白结合的糖基化位点进行初步探索,经 过胰蛋白酶水解后,发现有 12 条多肽与还原糖发生了接枝,但多肽序列及糖基化位点 的测定需要对液质联用优化分析条件后需要进一步详细分析。关键词:卵白蛋白、糖基化、美拉德反应、凝胶性、二级结构IAbstractThe gel strength of egg white powder which is widely used in food industry for its high-gelation character depends on the property of ovalbumin which is major ingredient of egg white protein. In our study, we modified ovalbumin with low-mass reducing sugar with the purpose of researching the different effects between glucose, maltose and maltotriose on modification with ovalbumin.In our study we firstly observed the relationship between grafting percentage of ovalbumin with reducing sugars and fluorescence intensity of their products by which represented the primary and advanced stage of the maillard reaction. The result showed that advanced maillard reaction goes synchronic with primary maillard reaction. With the mass of reducing increased, the advanced maillard reaction was greatly restrained.Since we got the rough information on the process during maillard reaction, some details on secondary structure during maillard r
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