海洋英语课件Drilling System教材课程.pptxVIP

Drilling System;In drilling operations, the main objectives are the acquisition of information and the safeguarding of production. ;Usually, wells are drilled with one, or a combination, of the following objectives: ? to gather information ? to produce hydrocarbons ?to inject gas or water ?to relieve a blowout ;The drilling engineer will design the well in detail using the information obtained from the petroleum engineers and geoscientists, And he will plan the setting depth and ratings for the various casing strings, mud weights and mud types required during drilling.;Whether onshore or offshore drilling is carried out, the basic drilling system employed in both cases will be the rotary rig.;The drill string is mainly used for power transmission, and it can fulfills several other functions.;The Kelly is a six-sided piece of pipe. Torque is transmitted from the Kelly down the hole to the bit. ;Most rigs are now fitted with a system whereby the drill string is rotated by a drive mechanism in the mast rather than by the rotary table at rig floor level. This system is known as top drive.;For various reasons, the drill string may have to be brought to surface. The procedure of pulling out of hole (“POOH”) and running in again is called a round trip.;Drilling fluid serves several important functions. It cools the bit and removes the cuttings outside the drill pipe. The shale shakers remove the cutting for disposal. ;Drilling fluid or mud is usually a mixture of water, clay, weighting material, and a few chemicals. Sometimes oil may be used instead of water to give the mud certain desirable properties. ;Most drilling fluids use water, are called water based mud (“WBM”). Another frequently employed system is based on oil，oil based mud (“OBM”). The advantage of OBM is better lubrication of the drill string. ;An important safety feature on every modern rig is the blowout preventer (BOP). ;Blowout preventers are opened and closed by hydra