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- 2018-06-05 发布于上海
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语文教学目标设计的最优化研究-research on the optimization of chinese teaching goal design
摘要内容摘要:语文教学要现代化必须实现教学过恕的最优化,而语文教学目标设计的最优化是这一过程的决定性因素。从长期以来语文教学界目标教学的实验和实践中得知:教学目标是一切教学活动的出发点和归宿,是决定教学内容、教学过程、教学方法、教学评价、教学效果,影响教学全局的根本问题。教学目标在教学中所起到的指向作用、激励作用和标准作用似乎让我们找到了解决长期以来困扰语文教学的少、慢、差、费病症的一条有效途径,那就是首先必须制定系统、科学、可操作的语文教学目标。然而反目前语文教育界对语文教学目标设计的令人堪忧的现状,那些笼统、模糊、大而不当、挂一漏刀、虚而不实的弊病,让人担心怎能使教学目标恰如其分地发挥作用。要真E做好教学目标的设计工作,本文提出应首先明确语文是什么、语文姓什么的根本的实质性的问题,只有这样,才能为语文教学正确定位,才能明白语文教学的目的、任务和方向。国内外关于教学目标研究的成果,如布卢姆的教育目标分类、力日涅的学习结果分类、奥苏贝尔的有意义的言语学习等理论为我们语文教学目标的合理(科学设计提供了理论的支持。而国内对教学目标的认识发展过程,让我们越加明确了语文教学的核心目标是语文的知识和能力只有它才是语文课区别于其他课程的标志,是构建语文本体的核心和支柱。同时通过了解国内一些关于语文到底教什么的观点,再比较困内外同类课程的目标设立,语文课的根本目的和语文教育的最终日标已经清晰地展现在语文教育工作者的面前。至此,本文提出,教学目标的制定不是随意的,在不同阶段,面对不同学生应有不同的、切合教学对象的目标,只有依据大纲、教材、学生心理、学生已有知识能力并加以全面考,才能确保教学目标体系既有结合课文特点和学生实际的针对性,又有体现综合全面、以点驭面的整体性:既有具体描述、便于检测评定的参照性,又有在教学中付诸实践、谋求达成的可行性。在明确了语文教学目标确定的依据和最优化设计的途径后,文章再进一步讨论了怎样才能把教学目标表述得更明确、更具体、更便于学生理解和把握的设计方式,并从行为目标设计、认知与行为目轨t设计、表现性目标设计三个角度具体阐述了语文教学目标设计的最优化形态。关键词:语文教学:目标设计:最优化AbstractContent:ThatChineseteachingneedsmodernizationmustdependontheoptimizationinteachingprocessandtheoptimizationofthedesign?I1teachinggoalisthedecis剖iivefactor.Fromtheexp缸eeriment怡s缸an创dpracωticeofg即o时aI饨teaching,Weknowthatteachinggoalisthesta此rt叫ing严po创川iatandtheend-resultofal]theteachinact们o阳n队s,wh】liichresolvesth、ec咀ntent,procseemethodsevaluationandeffectionofcoursesandaffectsthewholeteaching.Itseemsthatwefindoutanefficientway(0solvetheproblemsdisturbingtheChineseteachingforalongtimeaccordingtothefunctionofindication,inspirationandcriteriorbelongingtoteachinggoalinteaching,itisthatweshouldmakeasystem,scientificandpracticalteachinggoal.ButfacingthepresentsituationofdesignofChineseteachinginChineseeducationfieldandlotsofimpracticaldrawbacks,Wecanmaketeachiongoalfunctionappropriately.Shouldreallydoagoodjobofdesignoftheteachinggoal,thistextshoulddefinethebasicsubstantive,thatwhattoputfo川自rdChineseis,Unlessonlyinthisway,couldforChineseforteachingitconfirmlocation,couldChinesepurposeofteachingnotclear,taskanddirection,Thedomesficandinternationalachievementthatstudiesab
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