暗喻和明喻(篇).docVIP

暗喻和明喻(5篇) 以下是网友分享的关于暗喻和明喻的资料5篇，希望对您有所帮助，就爱阅读感谢您的支持。 篇一 中英文中隐喻和明喻的差异 Major :English Class :3 Name:张航 No :[1**********]089 中英文中隐喻和明喻的差异 中英文明喻的差异 一 喻词 A 英语比喻词并不多, 最常见者不外 “as”和 “like”; 而且, 其间的文体差别并不明显, 只有“like”在比较早期的英语中常与“as”或 “unto” 连用, 文体上显得古雅。 (1) Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. (F. Bacon, Studies) 另外, like 在现代英语中, 尤其在美国语中, 用作连词引导明喻从句, 带口语色彩。 (2) He treats me like I was his sister. B 对比之下, 汉语比喻词的文体色彩就十分丰富。在白话里常有“如同”、“好象”等词, 在文言里常有“犹”、“若”、“如”、“似”等词。有的修辞学者把汉语比喻词分为四组 甲. “象”组, 有“象”、“就象”、“很象”、“活象”、“煞象”、“正象”、“好象”等等, 比较口语化; 乙.“如”组, 有“如”、“有如”、“犹如”、“譬如”、“宛如”、“一如”、“正如”等等, 倾向于书面语; 丙.“似”组, 有“似”、“好似”、“正似”、“恰似”等等, 书面语的色彩很浓; 丁. “若”组,有“若”、“宛若”、“犹若”等等, 这一组还包括诸如“宛然”、“俨然”、“仿佛”等, 是彻头彻尾的书面语, 给人一种古雅隽永的感觉, 文言的意味极浓。 二．英汉明喻的个性之句型结构差异 1 英语明喻句型结构 英语明喻句型主要有九种。 (1)本体+动词+as/like +喻体 例如：As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city. (2)As/Just as+喻体，so+本体+动词 例如：Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of human society. (3)本体+动词+as if+喻体+动词 例如：A crowd of people were around him,?and bidding for him as if he had been a horse. (4) What+喻体,that+本体 例如：What blood vessel is to man’s body, that railway to transportation. (5)本体+ to be+名词(本体)+what+喻体+be to+名词（喻体） 例如：Parks are to the city as (what) lungs are to the body. (6)主语+动词+no/more less+本体+ than+喻体或主语+ not+本体+ any more than+喻体 例如：A student can no more obtain knowledge without studying than a farmer can get harvest without plowing (7)本体+be+ as?as+喻体 例如：He kept himself all the time as straight as a young soldier on guard. (8)主谓+not so/as+本体+ as+喻题 例如：He thought not so much of possible death as of the urgent need to win, to defeat the enemies. (9)主语+may/might+ as well+动词+喻体+ as+动词+本体 例如：You may as well advise me to give up my fortune as my argument. 2 汉语明喻句型结构 汉语明喻句型结构有如下四种。[6]17-18 (1)单句式：本体+喻词+喻体式 例如：人和 如 朝露。 (2)单句比喻延伸式：本体+喻词+喻体+补语式 例如：困难 像 弹簧，你弱它就