The Problem of Generalization from Empirical Studies in SE在SE从实证的研究泛化问题.pptVIP

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The Problem of Generalization from Empirical Studies in SE在SE从实证的研究泛化问题.ppt

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The Problem of Generalization from Empirical Studies in SE在SE从实证的研究泛化问题

Generalization from empirical studies Tore Dyb?: Session introduction (~20 min.) Erik Arisholm: Generalizing results through a series of replicated experiments on software maintainability (~20 min.) Jeff Carver: Methods and tools for supporting generalization (~20 min.) Mini-group discussions (~10 min.) Plenary discussion (~20 min.) ISERN Meeting, Noosa Heads, Queensland, Australia 14–15 November, 2005 Generalization from Empirical Studies in SE: Session Introduction Tore Dyb? SINTEF ICT tore.dyba@sintef.no ISERN Meeting, Noosa Heads, Queensland, Australia 14–15 November, 2005 (Some of) the problem Empirical SE research often generalizes about software organizations as if they were all alike, or refrains from generalizing at all, as if they were all unique: In the first case, it is never really clear that findings about organizations actually sampled apply to organizations not sampled. With respect to the second, is there really any point in studying software organizations if one does not believe that common denominators exist among relatively large classes of organizations? We must become more concerned about the conditions under which our research findings are valid if our work is to be applied more widely. Generalization is closely related toconstruct validity and external validity Construct validity: the degree to which inferences are warranted from the observed persons, settings, and cause and effect operations included in a study to the constructs that these instances might represent.* External validity: the validity of inferences about whether the causal relationship holds over variations in persons, settings, treatment variables, and measurement variables.* Statistical, sampling-based generalization The statistician’s traditional two-step ideal of the random selection of units for enhancing generalization; and the random assignment of those units to different treatments for promoting causal inference; is often advocated as the gold standar