黄潇-如何预防贫困的马太效应.docxVIP

如何预防贫困的马太效应*——基于代际收入流动视角黄潇（重庆工商大学 经济学院，重庆，400067）摘要：代际收入流动的缺乏是引致贫困恶性循环马太效应的重要原因。在采用数理模型梳理代际收入流动形成机制的基础上，基于CGSS数据测度了贫困的代际收入流动性，并分析不同渠道对代际收入流动性的影响及其贡献程度。研究发现：贫困的代际收入流动性较低，父代贫困引致子代贫困的概率达60%；人力资本有助于促进代际收入流动且具有较高的贡献度，而财富资本和文化资本的贡献较低；以土地表征的生产资本反而未能促进代际收入流动。与非贫困相比，贫困群体代际收入流动较低主要在于社会资本的缺乏。因此，一方面应注重贫困群体的人力资本投入，另一方面可帮助其通过社会网络来获取收入机会以摆脱贫困。关键词：代际收入流动；贫困；传递机制How to Prevent the Mathew Effect of Poverty——Based on the Intergenerational Income MobilityHUANG Xiao(School of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067)Abstract: The insufficiency of intergenerational income mobility is the main cause of poverty trap, which called the Mathew Effect of Poverty. After analyzing the mechanism of intergenerational income mobility using mathematical model, this paper measures the intergenerational income mobility among the poverty based on CGSS data, then estimates different channels’ influence and contribution to intergenerational income mobility. The results show that, the intergenerational income mobility of poverty is at low level, the probability of poor father resulting poor children is 60%. The human capital helps to promote intergenerational income mobility, it contributes to the mobility most, while the contribution from wealth capital and cultural capital are less. Surprisingly, the productive capital reflected by land doesn’t promote intergenerational income mobility. Compare to the non-poor groups, the reason of lower intergenerational income mobility of the poverty lies in the lack of social capital accumulation. In order to escape the poverty, it’s necessary to pay attention to the human investment of the poverty, other attention must be paid to helping the poor to accumulation social capital.Key Words: Intergenerational Income Mobility; Poverty; Transmission Mechanism.一. 引言根据2011年官方最新公布的收入贫困线（2300元/年），我国尚有贫困人口1.28亿，占全部农村人口的13.9%。如何降低剩余贫困人口的规模、缓解其贫困深度值得深入研究，其中，贫困的代际收入流动是一个颇受关注的问题。所谓代际收入流动（Intergenerational Income Mobility），主要是考察一个人在收入分配中的位置在多大程度上由其