Module 7 Process Synchronization - Yale University：模块7进程同步-耶鲁大学.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Java Synchronization Rather than synchronizing an entire method, Block synchronization allows blocks of code to be declared as synchronized Java Synchronization Block synchronization using wait()/notify() Concurrency Features in Java 5 Prior to Java 5, the only concurrency features in Java were Using synchronized/wait/notify. Beginning with Java 5, new features were added to the API: Reentrant Locks Semaphores Condition Variables Concurrency Features in Java 5 Reentrant Locks Concurrency Features in Java 5 Semaphores Concurrency Features in Java 5 A condition variable is created by first creating a ReentrantLock and invoking its newCondition() method: Once this is done, it is possible to invoke the await() and signal() methods Concurrency Features in Java 5 doWork() method with condition variables Synchronization Examples Solaris Windows XP Linux Pthreads Solaris Synchronization Implements a variety of locks to support multitasking, multithreading (including real-time threads), and multiprocessing Uses adaptive mutexes for efficiency when protecting data from short code segments Uses condition variables and readers-writers locks when longer sections of code need access to data Uses turnstiles to order the list of threads waiting to acquire either an adaptive mutex or reader-writer lock Windows XP Synchronization Uses interrupt masks to protect access to global resources on uniprocessor systems Uses spinlocks on multiprocessor systems Also provides dispatcher objects which may act as either mutexes and semaphores Dispatcher objects may also provide events An event acts much like a condition variable Linux Synchronization Linux: Prior to kernel Version 2.6, disables interrupts to implement short critical sections Version 2.6 and later, fully preemptive Linux provides: semaphores sp