教育心理学 Chapter 6 6.11-6.16.pptVIP

* * Chapter 6 What makes a person want to learn? Motivation in language learning 6.11 Learner’s beliefs about themselves 6.12 Setting and achieving goals 6.13 The involvement of significant others 6.14 Summary 6.15 Drawing it all together 6.16 Conclusion 主讲人：李恩惠 6.11 Learner’s beliefs about themselves 6.11.1 A sense of agency Locus of causality Locus of control Effectiveness motivation 6.11.2 Motivation style learned helplessness mastery oriented self-worth concern some implications for the teacher Definition of a sense of agency A number of researchers investigating cognitive approaches to motivation have proposed that the sense people have of whether they cause and are in control of their actions, or whether they perceive that what happens to them is controlled by other people is an important determinant in motivation. These factors are a part of what is known as a sense of agency. Definition of locus of causality The notion of locus of causality was introduced by Richard de Charms to account for whether people see themselves or others as the cause of their actions. Two kinds of people People who see themselves as largely responsible for originating their own actions are termed origins by de Charms, while those who see other people as causing what happens to them are known as pawns. (de Charms 1984) Characteristics of origins and pawns We are all origins some of the time and pawns some of the time. However, the consequences of feeling that the locus of causality lies basically within oneself (i.e. that one is essentially an origin) are that choice, freedom and ownership of behavior become issues of personal responsibility. On the other hand, feeling oneself to be a pawn in the hands of others abrogates choice and discourages any sense of personal responsibility for one’s actions. Definition of locus of control