词素总述.pptVIP

English Words Derivatives 派生词 How many words are there in English? Dictionary Oxford English Dictionary(1993): 414,825 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (1961): 450,000 Collins Dictionary of English Language (1979): 3,000,000 Volumes of English Vocabulary Senior high school --- 2,500 College, non- English major --- 5,000 TOFEL --- 7,000-8,000 GRE ---10,000 Shakespeare --- 20,000 Total --- 500,000 What’s the difference between English and Chinese lexical system? English and Chinese words “打” play basketball fight inject intend inflate cancel hunt “笑” laugh 欢笑 smile 微笑 jeer 嘲笑 scoff 取笑 joke 耍笑 sneer 冷笑 flout 耻笑 English and Chinese Lexical system 汉语: 概念1+概念2=概念3 英语: 概念1≠概念2≠概念3 语言的经济性 ?英语: 概念1+概念2=概念3 Morphemes The minimal meaningful unit Two Systems of Words man---anthrop- water---hydro- (1:300) see--- -spect- foot--- -ped, -pod hand---manu-, chiro- out--- e-, ex- speak--- -dict, -log(ue) Morphemes 词素 词根 morphemes roots 词缀 前缀 prefixes affixes 后缀 suffixes Morphemic Rules 词根: 基本词义 前缀: 附加词义, 多数情况下相当于一个形容词或介词的作用. 后缀: 规定词性, 有时有词义, 有时没有. 一个词应包括一个词根和一个前缀或后缀;一个词根可以有一个以上的前缀或后缀. Derivational preffixes Negation: un-, non-, in-, dis- Opposition: un-, de-, dis-, counter- Mistake: mis-, mal-, pseudo- Attitude: pro-, anti- Degree: arch-, super-, ultra- Size: micro-, macro- Time: pre-, fore-, post- Position: pro-, re-, sub-, de-, trans- etc. Derivational suffixes v. n. : ation, ment, al, ee, er, age, etc. a. n. : ness, ity, ism, ist, etc. n./a. v.: ify, ize, en, ate, etc. n. a.: ly, y, ish, some, ous, ive, etc. n. n.: hood, dom, ful, let, ery, ship, etc. Word memorization mono+ ton(e) + ous = monotonous a. 单 调 的 homo+ nym = homonym n. 同 名 multi+ later + al + ism= multilateralism un. 多 边 的 主义 stereo + micro + scope=stereomicroscope cn.