轻型六自由度生物采样操作臂结构设计理论 方法与应用-theoretical method and application of structural design for lightweight six-degree-of-freedom biological sampling manipulator.docx
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轻型六自由度生物采样操作臂结构设计理论 方法与应用-theoretical method and application of structural design for lightweight six-degree-of-freedom biological sampling manipulator
摘要本文以高致病性生物污染区采样和检测实际需求为背景,研究轻型六自由度操作臂参数化建模与设计的理论与方法,并将成果用于一台新型6R生物采样操作臂的开发。全文取得了如下创造性成果:(1)以速度雅可比行列式中影响奇异位形的结构参数个数最少和阶次最低为评价指标,提出一种具有正交关节轴的6R操作臂拓扑构型优选方法,并以此为依据,从6种候选构型中选择出最优构型。(2)以旋量理论和李代数为工具,建立了与初始位形联系的操作臂位置正逆解、速度与加速度模型,并提出一种操作臂末端位姿轨迹规划方法,具有简单、易于编程的计算格式。(3)在掌握操作臂工作空间组成原理基础上,揭示出可达工作空间随关节转角和尺度参数的变化规律,并据此提出了一种基于可操作性指标的尺度综合方法。该方法以无量纲速度雅可比条件数为性能评价指标,可综合出确保操作臂全域运动学性能最优的尺度参数。(4)应用拉格朗日方程建立了6R操作臂的刚体动力学模型,揭示出关节驱动力矩随运动构件惯性、重力、运动轨迹的变化规律,从而为指导伺服电机选型提供了重要依据。(5)完成了新型6R生物采样操作臂的设计及数控系统开发工作,建造出一台样机,演示了其在实际生物采样服役中的流程。本文工作对丰富和发展6R关节型操作臂的设计理论,保障医务人员生命安全,以及提高反生物恐怖能力具有重要理论意义和实用价值。关键词:生物采样、6R操作臂、型综合、尺度综合、刚体动力学IABSTRACTThisdissertationpresentsacompletetheoreticalpackageforthedesignofalightweight6Rarticulatedmanipulatortomeetthedemandofsamplinganddetectioninthehighlypathogenicbiologicalcontaminationareas.Thefollowingcontributionshavebeenmade.Amethodforthetypesynthesisofthe6RmanipulatorshavingorthogonaljointsispresentedbyminimizingthenumberandorderofthedimensionalparameterstopreventthesingularityrepresentedbythenullityofthedeterminantoftheJacobian.Consequently,anoptimizedarchitectureisachievedfromsixpossiblecandidates.Theforwardandinversedisplacement,velocityandaccelerationanalysesarecarriedoutbymeansofscrewtheoryandLiealgebra.Amethodfortrajectoryplanningisinvestigatedforachievingcontinuityofposeandtheirderivativesoftheend-effector.Ithasbeenshownthatthesemodelsarecompactinformandeasytoprogramincomparisonwiththeinfluencecoefficientmethod.Meanwhile,thenormalizedindexisalsoproposedtoevaluatethekinematicperformanceofthemanipulator.Amethodtodeterminetheenvelopofthereachableworkspaceofthemanipulatorisproposedbyconsideringthejointlimits.Throughanin-depthdiscussionoftheinfluenceofthedimensionalparametersontheworkspace,thedimensionalsynthesisproblemisinvestigatedbyminimizingadimensionlessconditioningindexrepresentedbythecharacteristiclength,resultinginasetofoptimizeddimensionalparametersthatenableagoodkinematicperformancetobeachievedwithintheentireworkspace.BymeansofLagrange’sformulation,therigidbod
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