无线分布式自组织传感器网络中利用冗余的差错容忍机制-redundant error tolerance mechanism in wireless distributed self-organizing sensor networks.docx
无线分布式自组织传感器网络中利用冗余的差错容忍机制-redundant error tolerance mechanism in wireless distributed self-organizing sensor networks
摘要故障恢复技术使无线分布式自组织传感器网络(WDASNs)在遇到了某一类型的故障时也可以持续运行。在WDASNs中,有很多潜在的故障源,对容错技术的研究增强了特定环境下传感器节点功能的可靠性。这些技术中最常用的就是布置冗余节点。虽然冗余在高可靠性和高可用性方面有着诸多优势,但同时也增加了部署的费用。因此,在本论文中我们基于冗余技术提出一种采用集群策略的容错机制。该机制为每个群集分配一个冗余备份节点,从而在允许的时间跨度内提高了对集群内的故障节点进行文件备份的速度。我们设计了一个协议,它能够利用波数成形天线的特性来检测故障节点位置,减小最大发射功率,并在允许的时间跨度内,提高了文件备份的速度。为了达成这一目标,我们首先设计了一个协议来实现动态簇机制,该机制中每个簇中只分配一个备份节点,然后,设计一种基于自适应波束成形的MAC协议,在该协议中需要为每个簇中多个连接失败的节点提供一个备份文件。我们比较了四个数字信号处理算法的发射功率和传输速率:匹配滤波器(MF),最小方差无失真响应(MVDR),最小功率无失真响应(MPDR)和最小均方误差(MMSE)的波束成形,这些算法可用来追踪故障的节点并提供备份文件。我们注意到,MVDR相对其他几种算法而言具有快速收敛,较少的传输功率和较宽的波束收敛,因此也导致其具有较窄的空间复用带宽。除了比较这些协议的性能,我们还发现波束成形天线的总增益是全向天线的2-4倍。我们利用MATLAB的图形用户界面来显示发送波束的收敛性,显示波达方向(DOA)协议如何在备份服务器与故障节点之间以及代理备份服务器之间的通信中发挥作用。最后,我们设计了系统的信道模型,并用MATLAB在不同场景下对其性能进行了分析。关键字:无线分布式传感器网络,邻居选择,智能天线,冗余差错容忍,差错恢复。AbstractFaultrecoverytechniquesenableWirelessDistributedAd-hocSensorNetworks(WDASNs)tocontinueoperationaccordingtotheirintentionseveniffaultsofacertaintypearepresentinginthesystem.TherearemanypotentialsourcesoffaultsinWDASNs.Faulttolerancetechniqueshavebeeninvestigatinginvariouscontextsthatincreasethereliabilityofthefunctionalityofsensornodesintheirspecificdomain.Themostpeculiar-lyusedtypeofthesetechniquesisthereplicationofnodes.Although,redundancyhasseveraladvantagesintermsofhighreliabilityandavailability,italsoincreasesthecostsofdeployment.Therefore,inthisthesiswedevelopafaulttolerancethroughredundancyus-ingclusteringschemethatassignsoneredundantbackupnodeineachclusterandthere-fore,enhancespeedofbackupfiledeliverywithallowabletimespanforpartiallyfailednodesinacluster.Wedesignaprotocol,whichreliesontheabilityofbeamformingan-tennathatcandetectthepositionofpartiallyfailednodesbyminimizingthemaximumtransmitpowerandenhancethespeedofbackupfiledeliveringinallowabletimespan.Toreachonthegoal,wefirstdesignaprotocolthatformsdynamicclusteringme-chanismwhichassignonlyonebackupnodeineachclusterandthen,designingaMediaAccessControl(MAC)Protocolbasedonadaptivebeamforming.Itisneededtodeliverabackupfilesfortwoormorepartiallyfailednodesi
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