不同产区葡萄中多酚及原花青素含量差异研究.docVIP

不同产区葡萄中多酚及原花青素含量差异的研究 　　摘要：研究了山东烟台、河北沙城和云南香格里拉产地的赤霞珠葡萄籽和皮中多酚、类黄酮及原花青素的含量差异。多酚、类黄酮及原花青素的含量分别采用福林-酚、AlCl3及正丁醇-盐酸法测定。结果表明，葡萄籽中的多酚、类黄酮及游离态和纤维素结合态原花青素的含量高于皮中的含量，而葡萄皮中蛋白结合态原花青素的含量高于籽中的含量。沙城产地的葡萄籽中多酚含量最高，而烟台产地的皮中含量最高。云南产地的籽中类黄酮含量最高，而烟台产地的皮中类黄酮含量最高。烟台产地的籽和皮中游离态和纤维素结合态原花青素含量最高，而蛋白结合态原花青素含量各地之间没有明显差异，总原花青素含量以烟台产地的最高。 　　关键词：葡萄；多酚；类黄酮；原花青素；产区 　　中图分类号：S663.101 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2015）08-0030-04 　　Abstract The content differences of polyphenols， flavonoids and proanthocyanidins （PC） in grape seeds and skins from Yantai of Shandong Province， Shacheng of Hebei Province and Shangri-La of Yunnan Province were studied in this paper with the cultivar Carbenet as material. The contents of polyphenols， flavonoids and PC were determined by Folin-phenol， AlCl3 and HCl-butanol methods， respectively. The results showed that the contents of polyphenols， flavonoids， free PC and fibre-binding PC in grape seeds were much higher than those in grape skins. However， the content of protein-binding PC in grape skins was higher than that in the seeds. The highest polyphenol content was detected in the grape seeds from Shacheng， and in the grape skins from Yantai. The highest flavonoids content was founded in the seeds from Yunnan and in the skins from Yantai. The highest contents of free and fibre-binding PC were detected in grape seeds and skins from Yantai， but there was no obvious difference in protein-binding PC between different production areas. The highest content of total PC was detected in Yantai grape. 　　Key words Grape； Polyphenol； Flavonoid； Proanthocyanidin； Production area 　　多酚广泛存在于植物的根、茎、叶、果实等部位，被称为“第七类营养素”，是分子结构中有若干个酚性羟基植物成分的总称，包括黄酮类、单宁类、酚酸类以及花色苷类等。葡萄中多酚、原花青素的含量非常高，主要存在于果皮和籽粒中，果肉中的含量非常低。多酚类化合物由于具有较强的抗氧化活性而被广泛研究，具有防止慢性炎症、心血管疾病、癌症，降低胆固醇、解毒护肝等功效[1～3]。目前国内外研究主要集中在葡萄多酚、原花青素等成分的提取工艺优化以及其抗氧化活性等研究领域[4，5]。 　　原花青素主要以两种形式存在，一是游离态原花青素，聚合度较低，可被有机溶剂（甲醇、乙醇、丙酮等）或水分离；二是结合态原花青素，常与蛋白质/纤维素以氢键、离子键、疏水键、共价键等形式结合，聚合度较高，不易被有机溶剂或水提取，需要通过特殊的方法获得。目前大部分文献中有关原花青素的研究是指游离态，往往忽视了结合态（蛋白质结合态、纤维素结合态）原花青素，实际上这