不同方向起跳―着地对下肢关节影响生物力学分析.docVIP

不同方向的“起跳―着地”对下肢关节影响的生物力学分析 　　摘要：通过招募16名健康男性受试者进行前、斜、横3个方向的“起跳-着地”测试，探讨不同方向的“起跳-着地”对下肢矢状面关节运动学、动力学和能量学的影响。方法：利用6台JVC9800高速摄影机和1块JP6060测力板同步收集动作资料和地面反作用力参数；使用多因素方差分析比较3个方向的差异。结果显示：髋关节着地瞬间角度、最大屈曲角度和膝关节的最大屈曲角度、活动范围、最大角速度、最大伸展力矩、最大负功率和做功量在前跳和斜跳中会产生较大的值；踝关节着地瞬间角度、活动范围、最大角速度、最大伸展力矩、最大负功率和做功量在横跳会产生较大的值；在进行不同方向的“起跳-着地”时，身体会利用不同的着地方式来适应相对应程度的负荷；进行前跳和斜跳时，会采用较柔软的着地方式，主要以膝关节的伸展肌群来进行能量的吸收；在进行横跳时，会采用较僵硬的着地方式，并增加踝关节跖屈肌群的能量吸收。 　　关键词： 起跳着地；单脚着地；着地方式；生物力学；下肢关节 　　中图分类号： G 804.6 文章编号：1009783X（2016文献标志码： A 　　Abstract：To investigate the effects of different jumplanding directions on sagittal plane kinematics，kinetics and energetics at lower extremity joints.Sixteen healthy males were recruited for this study.All subjects needed to perform different jumplanding protocols （forward，diagonal and lateral），including a doubleleg jumping and a singleleg landing （supporting leg only）.Multiple ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare each parameter between three jumplanding directions.Results：Greater hip contact angle，peak hip flexion angle，peak knee flexion angle，knee range of motion，peak knee angular velocity，peak knee extension moment，peak knee negative power and net knee work occurred at forward and diagonal jumplanding directions.However，greater ankle contact angle，ankle range of motion，peak ankle angular velocity，peak ankle plantar flexion moment，peak ankle negative power and net ankle work occurred at lateral jumplanding directions.Our findings indicated that landing strategy changed across different jumplanding directions in a way that maintained the same level of shock attenuation via altering body position.We proposed that the knee extensors showed major contributions to energy absorption during soft landing strategy for forward and diagonal directions，and increased the use of ankle plantarflexors to energy absorption during stiff landing strategy for lateral direction. 　　Keywords：jumplanding；singleleg landing；landing style；biomechanics；joints of lower limbs 　　起跳与