两种不同截面穿河涵洞对河床冲淤试验研究.docVIP

两种不同截面穿河涵洞对河床冲淤的试验研究 　　摘要：为了探讨具有圆弧形截面和梯形截面穿河涵洞影响河道上游水位和河床变形的差异，试验采用物理模型对涵洞所在河道的沿程水位以及两截面涵洞上下游局部河床的冲淤进行观测。试验表明：在两来水工况下，圆弧形涵洞的上游壅水较梯形涵洞大，而其周围局部冲淤较梯形涵洞都要小；特别是在3年一遇洪水时，梯形涵洞下游附近的冲刷较圆弧形涵洞的要大的多。因此，涵洞下游的消力池应结合涵洞断面的形式来修建；而在常年来水与3年一遇洪水流量相差不大的漳河，选择圆弧形涵洞较梯形涵洞好。 　　关键词：截面形状；河道节点；涵洞；冲淤变形 　　中图分类号：TV131.61；TV149 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-1683（2011）01-0050-03 　　Experimental Study on the Impacts of Culverts Crossing the River with Two Different Sections on Riverbed Erosion and Deposition Deformation 　　ZHANG Hong-qing,YANG Ji-wei,DONG Yan-chao,WANG Zhi-guo 　　（Hebei University of Engineering,Hydraulics and River Dynamics,Handan 056038,China） 　　Abstract: In order to investigate the different impacts of arc-shaped cross-section and trapezoidal cross-section culvert crossing the river on upstream water level and riverbed deformation,a physical model test is used to measure water level along the river and riverbed erosion and deposition deformation near culverts.The results show that backwater in the upstream of the arc-shaped culvert is bigger than trapezoidal culvert,while local erosion and deposition of river bed is less than trapezoidal culvert.Particularly,the scour downstream trapezoidal culvert is much more serious than that downstream arc-shaped culvert when three-year return period flood is coming.Therefore,stilling basin downstream the culvert should be constructed according to the form of the culvert,and arc-shaped culvert is more appropriate than trapezoidal culvert in the Zhang River where the annual runoff is close to the three-year return period flood flow. 　　 　　Key words: section shape;river node;culvert;erosion and deposition deformation 　　 作为河道工程节点的穿河涵洞［1］，其主要是控制节点上下游河道的冲刷来保护堤防工程的安全。通过涵洞节点的调节控制后，节点上下游河床演变具有相对的独立性。对上游来流而言，涵洞起到一个缓冲调节的作用。位于漳河上的穿河涵洞就是一典型的节点工程。在涵洞建成后，其所在河道河床发生了改变。有关研究表明：穿漳涵洞在漳河上起着承下启下的作用，其控制着上游河段的冲淤以及下游河床的主槽发展方向［2］；在遇“96?8”洪水后，涵洞受到严重毁坏，经几次修复，涵洞局部冲刷仍较严重，其稳定性受影响［3］。因此，分析研究穿河涵洞局部冲淤变形的特点对维护涵洞的稳定,河堤安全以及河床整治是十分必要的。然而，穿河涵洞截面类型的不同对河道水位和河床的冲淤变形的影响研究较少。本文就以穿漳涵洞所在河道为模型