基于GIS技术会东县暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划.docVIP

基于GIS技术会东县暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划 　　摘要 利用会东县及周边县的历史气象资料，综合会东县自然、社会、经济与防灾减灾具体情况，对会东县的暴雨洪涝灾害致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承载体易损性和防灾减灾能力等因子建立相关指标，利用加权综合评价与GIS自然断点法，得到会东县暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划图。结果表明，暴雨洪涝灾害风险等级呈东―西向分布，最高和次高风险区基本集中在会东县的西部乡镇；此外，堵格镇、铁柳镇、大崇镇和铅锌镇的西部地区灾害风险等级也较高；中部、东南部地势较高的乡镇和东部地区灾害风险等级均较低；其余乡镇的暴雨洪涝灾害风险等级介于高、低值之间。 　　关键词 暴雨洪涝；风险区划；GIS；四川会东 　　中图分类号 P426.616 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）02-0231-03 　　Risk Zoning of Rainstorm and Flood Disaster Based on GIS in Huidong County 　　LI Ping-lan 1 YANG Wen 2 CAI Zi-yong 1 　　（1 Huidong Meteorological Bureau in Sichuan Province，Huidong Sichuan 615200； 2 Ziyang Meteorological Bureau） 　　Abstract Based on the historical meteorological data in Huidong County and surrounding counties，combined with the natural，social，economic，disaster prevention and mitigation conditions，the relative index had been established for the risk of disasters-causing factors，the sensitivity of disaster-pregnant enviroment，the vulnerability of disaster body and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction.Then the risk zoning map of rainstorm and flood disaster had been got by using weighting comprehensive evaluation and GIS Natural Breaks. The results showed that the level of rainstorm and flood disaster risk was east-west distribution.The highest and second highest risk areas were mostly concentrated in the western townships of Huidong County. Moreover，there was a higher disaster risk level in the west of Duge Town，Tieliu Town，Dachong Town and Qianxin Town；there was a lower disaster risk level in the east and the townships with higher elevations in the central and south-east.The rainstorm and flood disaster risk level of other townships was between high and low values. 　　Key words rainstorm and flood；risk zoning；GIS；Huidong Sichuan 　　气象灾害造成的损失占所有自然灾害总损失的70% 以上，避免或减轻气象灾害造成的影响和损失是我国自然灾害研究的重要任务，因而迫切需要进行风险评价与区划[1]。风险分析日益成为灾害预测、损失评估和减灾决策的重要组成部分，对资源的开发与利用、灾害的防御与治理、减灾规划与措施的制定等具有重要意义。 　　会东县地处四川省凉山彝族自治州南端，属中亚热带季风气候区，雨热同季，雨量充沛，暴雨发生频繁，其特殊的地形地貌条件极易诱发小流域洪涝及滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害。暴雨洪涝灾害作为会东发生频率较高、危害最严重