基于关键物种繁殖汉江中游生态需水量计算方法.docVIP

基于关键物种繁殖汉江中游生态需水量计算方法 　　摘要：针对汉江中游的关键物种“四大家鱼”产卵量显著减少以致影响生态系统功能的问题，综合运用水文学、水力学和生态学理论和方法，提出维持关键物种繁殖的生态需水量计算方法，主要包括确定关键物种、关键生态水文特征量及利用实测断面资料和多年实测水文资料计算适宜生态需水量三部分。该方法应用于汉江中游三个水文站，得出能满足“四大家鱼”繁殖需要的适宜生态需水量阈值，对南水北调中线工程实施后丹江口水库的合理调控与水资源科学配置具有一定参考价值。?? 　　关键词：生态需水；汉江中游；四大家鱼；产卵?? 　　中图分类号：X171.1文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-1683（2008）03-0097-04 　　 　　Calculation Approach of Ecological Water Demand Based on Breeding ??of Critical Species in the Middle Reaches of Hanjiang River?? 　　SUN Yi,SHAO Dong-guo,GU Wen-quan?? 　　（State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China）?? 　　Abstract:Considering the reduction of egg amount of the critical species (four domestic carps) in the middle reaches of Hanjiang River and its influence on the ecosystem,a new method for integrating the hydrology,hydraulics and ecology is put forward,which includes choosing critical species,crucial eco-hydrological variables and calculating the medium ecological water requirement by cross-section data and historical hydrological data at the river station.By applying this to three hydrological station located at the middle reaches of Hanjiang River,we got satisfying ecological water requirement for spawning of four major Chinese carps.The results has a certain reference value for proper water resources allocation and the reasonable control of the Danjiangkou reservoir in the middle reaches of Hanjiang river when South-to-North Water Transfer Project is finished.?? 　　Key words:ecological water demand; the middle reaches of Hanjiang River; four domestic carps; spawn?? 　　 　　1 研究背景?? 　　半个多世纪以来，人类大量开发利用河流，在产生巨大防洪、发电、灌溉、供水等社会经济效益同时，也带来了一系列生态环境等问题。汉江中游鱼类资源丰富，是多种鱼类的盛产地和栖息场所，也是中国“四大家鱼”天然产卵场的分布区之一。我国古人就留下了“夏三月，川泽不入网罩，以成鱼鳖之长”的禁令。然而，随着南水北调中线工程的兴建和汉江中下游的梯级开发，丹江口水库大坝的建成，使水文条件发生较大变化，改变了汉江现有的生态环境，使汉江中游的鱼类资源受到了破坏[1-2]。特别是由于产漂流性卵 “四大家鱼”亲鱼个体大、繁殖周期长，需特殊的产卵场，其种群密度已严重下降。汉江中游干流的5个“四大家鱼”产卵场(庙滩、宜城、关家山、钟祥、马良)，2004年5─8月与1976年相比减少了3个，干流上王甫洲(航电枢纽)低坝以上和襄樊产卵场消失；中游干流四大家鱼产卵量减少到0.933×108粒，仅相