基于响应面法听小骨消声器优化设计.docVIP

基于响应面法听小骨消声器优化设计 　　摘 要：为了改善听小骨消声器的消声性能，并减轻质量，以消声器低频和宽频的平均传递损失作为优化目标，以消声器的结构参数（进出口管道宽度、封闭腔深度、封闭腔长度）作为优化变量，消声器的质量作为约束条件，对其结构参数进行优化. 建立了听小骨消声器的有限元模型，采用中心组合试验设计获得样本点，利用响应面法构造二次多项式响应面模型，并检验了响应面模型的拟合精度. 将响应面模型和NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法相结合对消声器的结构参数进行了优化. 优化后消声器低频和宽频的消声性能得到改善，质量减轻，表明了响应面法和遗传算法相结合的消声器结构参数优化方法的有效性. 　　关键词：消声器；响应面法；遗传算法；试验设计 　　中图分类号：TB535.2 文献标志码：A 　　Optimal Design of Ossicular Silencer 　　Based on Response Surface Methodology 　　CHENG Junsheng，YU Hao 　　（State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body， Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China） 　　Abstract： In order to improve the performance and reduce mass of an ossicular silencer， the average transmission losses （TL） in the low frequency range and the broadband were chosen as optimization goals， several structural parameters （width of the main duct，depth of the enclosed cavity， and length of the enclosed cavity） were chosen as optimization variables， and the mass of the silencer was taken as the constrain condition. The finite element model was also established for the silencer， sample points were obtained by central composite design （CCD），the quadratic polynomial model was constructed based on response surface methodology （RSM），and the fitting accuracy was tested. Response surface methodology combined with genetic algorithm II （NSGA-II） was applied to optimize the structural parameters of the silencer. The optimized ossicular silencer shows better performance and lighter weight. The optimization results indicate that the structural parameters of the silencer are optimized by combining the response surface methodology with genetic algorithm. 　　Key words： silencer；response surface methodology；genetic algorithms；design of experiments 　　抗性消?器常用于排气管道和通风管道内噪声的抑制[1-2]. 通过管道截面的突然扩张（收缩）或旁接共振腔，使沿管道传播的某些频率的声波在突变处向声源方向反射回去，从而达到消声的目的. 抗性消声器主要用于抑制低中频噪声，对于常见的抗性消声器，例如扩张腔式消声器，要获得较好的低频消声性能，需要很大的扩张腔体积，这会导致消声器结构很不紧凑. 人的中耳如同一个紧凑且具有宽带阻抗的变换器，并且能够隔离外耳的空气运动和内耳的流体运动. 受中耳原理启发，Wang等[3]提出了一种新型抗性消声器模型――听小骨结构消声器模型，它的旁支腔中