不同喷嘴形状的自振脉冲喷嘴数值模拟与实验研究-机械制造及其自动化专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 喷嘴是水射流技术的核心部件，直接关系到水射流的作用效果与 效率。本文以自激振荡脉冲喷嘴为研究对象，通过数值模拟和实验研 究探讨下喷嘴喷口形状对自激振荡脉冲射流的影响。 利用 CFD 软件对圆形喷嘴和方形喷嘴内外流场进行数值模拟， 研究了结构参数对射流特性的影响，并对两种喷嘴的模拟结果进行了 对比分析，仿真结果表明：方形喷嘴相比圆形喷嘴出口速度大，射流 速度衰减慢及射流扩散范围小，说明方形喷嘴具有较高的传输效率和 集束性。同时对方形喷嘴和圆形喷嘴腔内压力进行了测试，并进行了 砂砖试块的冲蚀实验，实验结果表明：圆形喷嘴和方形喷嘴的腔内压 力脉动幅度均随着腔长的增大先增大后减小，随着泵压的增大而增 大，方形喷嘴的脉动幅度随着上下喷嘴面积比的增大而减小，在合适 的参数下方形喷嘴腔内压力脉动峰值和幅度整体大于圆形喷嘴，增强 了腔内射流的脉动效果；在一定条件下方形喷嘴的冲蚀深度和体积均 大于圆形喷嘴，说明方形喷嘴的冲蚀效果更好；实验结果与模拟结果 的变化规律基本一致。本研究成果对自激振荡脉冲射流在工程实践上 的应用有一定的指导意义。 关键词： 自激脉冲喷嘴，方形喷嘴，射流特性，数值模拟，腔内压 力 PAGE PAGE IV V V Abstract Nozzle is the core component of water jet technology. It is directly related to the efficiency of water jet. Self-excited oscillation pulsed nozzle served as the study object, the paper discuss the influence of down nozzle shape on self-excited oscillation pulsed jet by numerical simulation and experimental research. The simulation of flow field in circular nozzle and square nozzle was carried out by using CFD. It is analyzed the influence of structural parameters on jet characteristics, and made a comparison of simulation results. The simulation results indicated that compared with circular nozzle, the outlet velocity of square nozzle was higher, the attenuation amplitude of jet velocity was slower and the spread range of jet was more narrow, so square nozzle had higher energy transmission efficiency and jet cluster property. Meanwhile it is tested a chamber pressure of circular nozzle and square nozzle, and conducted a erosion experiment of sand brick. The experimental results showed that the pressure pulsed amplitude increased with the increase of chamber length, then decreased, increased with the increase of pump pressure; the pulsed amplitude of square nozzle decreased with the increase of nozzle area ratio; The pressure pulsed peak and pulsed amplitude in the chamber of square nozzle were greater than circular nozzle under the appropriate parameters, so square nozzle enhanced the pulsed effect of jet; The erosion depth and volume of