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尚书中道的探索性释义-exploratory interpretation of shangshu zhongdao
摘要
摘要
万方数据
万方数据
摘 要
本文以现代政治观念为工具,从《尚书》文本的政治色彩和字里行间所透 露的古代权力结构着手,试图探究古代政治话语内涵、古代政治人物对一些特 定概念的既定理解以及传统中国政治运作的思维路数。《尚书》文本中所体现的 “名”与“实”的分立是我们谈论“道”本身内涵的切入点,也是理解“道” 作为一个政治话语式的概念如何影响实际的政治运作的切入点。在这个过程中, 当时的政治人物又是如何以自己的个人意志来影响作为一个概念的“道”的。
在《尚书》文本的背景下,我们不完全认同将“道”看作是一个哲学上本 源性的概念,而更倾向于对“道”的政治化的理解。所谓“本源性”,从逻辑上 而言,是一种思想的起点或者一种思想的“原初性”“真实性”“本来面貌”,而 “道”(或者“天道”“德”)的概念并不具备这两个特征。直观地说,“道”“天 道”这些概念字面上是由古代的掌权者们承接下来的,属于“天命”;但“道” “天道”在掌权者“受命于天”的过程中,不处于一个独立的、超越性的地位, 而处在一种被政治裹挟的状态之下。因此文本中“道”的定位,甚至不如《尚 书》字里行间透露出的实际的政治权力明确。相比之下,对作为“名”的一系 列概念(如“道”)和作为“实”的最实际的权力之间的分野、权衡和利用反而 是政治人物们最关注的问题。所以,对分立的“名”“实”的剖析,成为我们最 关键的工作,同时也是一个最具有“超越性”色彩的问题。
另外,《尚书》中,作为“言说”的“道”同时也揭示了一种文学影响政治 的形式。《尚书》中塑造的光辉的文学形象对后世文学产生了深刻的影响,而《尚 书》的文学作用在某种程度上掩盖了其鲜明的政治意味,这也是《尚书》影响 至今的原因所在。
关键词:《尚书》;道;德;政治权力;文学形象
I
AB
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
In this paper, from the political color of Shang Shu and the ancient power structure revealed between the lines, we use the concept of modern politics as the tool to explore the ancient political discourse connotation and the ancient political figures reflection for some specific concepts and the thinking way of traditional China political operation. The division of name and nature in Shang Shu is the point of penetration of our study. And it is also the point of penetration of comprehending Tao how to influence political operation as a political discourse. In this process, how do the political figures affect the Tao by their personal will.
In the background of text Shang Shu, we dont agree with the view that Tao is an original philosophical concept. We prefer the political understanding of Tao. The so-called origin, logically, is a starting point of thought or an idea of original “truth and original appearance. The concept of Tao (or heaven and Virtue) does not have these two characteristics. Intuitively, these concepts such as Tao and Heaven, are inherited by ancient rulers, which belongs to the mandate of heaven. Tao and Heaven are not independent and transcendent in the process of hierarch heeding the
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