左传介词于的隐现及其相关问题分析-an analysis of the concealment of the preposition yu in zuo zhuan and its related problems.docxVIP
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左传介词于的隐现及其相关问题分析-an analysis of the concealment of the preposition yu in zuo zhuan and its related problems
聊城大学硕士学位论文
聊城大学硕士学位论文
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又可分为:(1)引进施事对待的对象。此类用例比较少,《左传》中更多地是采用形
容词谓语直接带宾语的结构,即隐省“于”。(2)引进性状的当事、(3)引进施事关 联的对象。这两种用法的“于”大都可以隐省,以当事或关联对象直接作形容词的宾 语。(4)引进施事比较的对象。“于”绝大部分不能隐省,但也有个别例外。(5)“于” 引进使动的对象。“于”引进的实际上是谓语支配的受事,一般是直接跟在谓语后面 作宾语,即“于”一般不显现。(三)引进行为动作的时间。又可分为:1、引进的是 动作行为或事件终止的时间。此种情况的“于”可以隐省。2、引进动作行为发生或 进行的时间。此种情况的“于”不能隐省。
第三章“与介词‘于’的隐现相关的几个问题”讨论了:1、“于”的隐现与介词 的性质。“于”可以出现,也可以隐省。这是西方形态语言的介词所没有的特点,也 就是说,结构上的介绍作用并不是汉语介词的本质语法功能。研究表明,“于”一类 介词的宾语就是其所在句子的信息焦点,“于”就起一种表明宾语是信息焦点的作用。 2、“于”的隐现与动词的再分类。“于”的隐现可以区分古汉语的及物动词和不及物 动词:及物动词后不带“于”宾短语作补语;不及物动词后能带“于”宾短语作补语, 且即使“于”被隐省掉了,动补结构关系也没改变,相应地,动词仍为不及物动词。 3、“于”的隐现与被动句式。古汉语所谓的“于”字式被动句可以隐省掉“于”宾短 语,成为一个意念上的被动句,说明“于”的显现与否并不能影响被动语义关系的存 在。
“结语”对《左传》中介词“于”的隐现规律进行了总结。《左传》中,谓语前 介词“于”的隐现规律比较简单,除了主语前引进时间的“于”能够隐省外,其他情 况下的“于”都必须显现。而谓语后介词“于”的隐现规律却比较复杂,但概括起来 大致不外乎两条:当出现在 S1 及其变式中时,“于”一般要显现,不能隐省;当出现 在 S2 及其变式中时,则可以隐省。“于”的隐现完全是出于语用的目的:为了强调介 词宾语,“于”字就显现;否则便隐省。“于”的隐现对介词的性质、动词的再分类和 “于”字式被动句的成立与否都有很大的影响。
关键词:左传;介词“于”;隐现
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ABSTRACT
Zuo Zhuan is the famous narrative works in Chinese history, which has great value of language materials. This dissertation specially studies on the appearance and the omission of the preposition “yu” and the talks about the problems relating to it. It proclaims the grammatical characteristics of the preposition “yu” in previous Qin dynasty, which provides a new way of researching on ancient Chinese prepositions, even the Chinese functional words. Furthermore, it can enrich the content of the grammatical researches referring to the specialized works and themes and provide useful materials for the construction of Chinese history.
This paper is divided into five parts: introduction, chapter one to chapter three and the conclusion.
The introduction briefly introduces the values of selecting this topic, discusses the former researches, and explains the study methods of this paper, the material selected scope as well as the edition adopted.
Chapter one talks about the appearance and the omission of the preposition “yu”. “Yu” is the prep
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