中小企业集群创新能力评价指标体系建立及应用分析-establishment and application analysis of evaluation index system of innovation capability of small and medium - sized enterprises cluster.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 过去的一年，对所有的人来说都是记忆犹新的。股市暴跌，美国次贷危机， 继而金融危机席卷了全球。许多国际型大企业，大银行都纷纷走向破产，无数的 职员下岗待业。而更多的受到这场危机牵连而倒下的，恐怕是那些在夹缝中生存 的中小企业。他们的资金，技术以及生存网络，都远远逊色于大企业，一旦风暴 来袭，他们的抗压能力不足，因而更是不可幸免的承受了经济波动的严重后果。 中小企业拥有许多独特的优势，例如：经营成本小，机制灵活，应变迅速， 掉头快，负担轻，管理易等等。因此，中小企业已经成为市场经济中最为活跃的 因素之一。但与此同时，中小企业也存在着很多不足之处，例如：创新能力差， 资金有限，组织不完善，控制力度差等等，制约其持续发展，正是这些弊端使得 中小企业在面临日趋激烈的竞争环境时，显得更为无力。对于经济与科技都不甚 发达的河北省来讲，虽然有一些较为典型的中小企业集群，但大多属于传统产业， 其生产能力，技术水平，人员素质，创新能力等各个方面以及整体发展能力相对 于发达地区还是很落后的，因此，找出其中的根源，改变目前的落后状况是迫在 眉睫的大事。 本文拟以河北省中小企业集群为研究对象，通过收集文献，实地调研等方式， 将定性分析与定量分析相结合，在分析中小企业集群发展现状的基础上，建立一 套科学合理的评价指标体系，运用 BP 神经网络对其创新能力进行定量化的评价。 在此基础上，找出制约中小企业集群创新发展的主要障碍因素，并进一步提出增 强中小企业集群创新能力的发展建议与对策，使中小企业不但能够更积极的应对 当前恶劣环境下的残酷竞争和经营风险，并增强其持续发展能力和整体水平，使 之能够继续为经济和社会发展做出贡献。 关键词：产业集群；中小企业集群；集群创新能力；BP 神经网络 II II Abstract The past year has a vivid memory to all people. The stock market falls suddenly, the United States sub-loan crisis, subsequently the financial crisis has swept across the whole world. Many transnational strength enterprises and banks had bankrupted, innumerable staff members had been employment. Many small and medium-sized enterprises more had droped down by the influnce of this crisis. The fund, the technology as well as the survival network, are much inferior in the strength enterprise, once the storm raids, their ability of resistanting to compression is insufficient, thus may not escape from the crisis. The SME enterprise has many unique superiority, for example: The costs of operation are small, the mechanism is flexible, the strain is rapid, turns around quickly, bears lightly, manages easily and so on. Therefore, the SME already became in the market economy one of most active factors. But at the same time, the SME also has many deficiencies, for example: Innovation ability is bad, the fund is limited, organizes not perfectly, control dynamics difference and so on, restricts it sustained developments, is precisely these malpractices causes the small and medium-sized enterprise to face day by day time the keen co