中美中学作文教学差异比较研究——以近十年中美作文教学为例-a comparative study of composition teaching differences in middle schools between china and the united states —— taking composition teaching in china and the united states for example in recent.docx

I I 摘 要 语言与思维是开展学习的两大最基本工具，所有观点或思想的表达都离不 开语言与思维的相互作用，而写作则是将这两者完美融合在一起的最佳途径。写 作不仅是表达自我、关注社会、沟通交流的方式，更能砥砺学生逻辑思维能力， 培养想象创作观察能力，反映了一个人综合人文素养。写作能力的高低在很大程 度上衡量着语文教学成效，作文教学在各国母语教学中占据了十分重要的位置。 然而，当下作文教学却让师生甚感头痛：学生搔头挠耳，无从下笔，只能胡 编乱造；教师急于求成，不见成效，万般无奈。假、大、空，缺乏真情实感的虚、 浮、浅作文普遍存在。新课程改革虽轰轰烈烈开展，新的作文教学理念也逐步提 倡，但应试教育烙印太深，改革步伐甚为缓慢。 因此，不妨借他山之石攻玉，通过比较研究，借鉴成功经验，促使我国作 文教学改革更好更快地进行。反观美国作文教学，“作家工作室训练法”、“实用 主义作文教学观”、“重视读者意识”、“重视网络资源开发”等等都值得我们借鉴 学习。值得注意的是，从 2000 年之后，我国对美国作文教学的研究在不断增多， 但大部分研究都只是就美国作文教学的某一个方面进行研究，以翻译节选为主， 缺乏系统性、多元性。 本文从作文教学目标、教学过程及方法、评价标准、作文教材编写四个方 面进行差异比较研究，继而分析中美作文教学差异产生的原因、以及对我国的启 示，意为一线教师提供一定理论依据，并能运用于实践中。 关键词：中美中学作文教学；教学目标；教学过程及方法；评价标准； II II Abstract Language and thoughts are the most essential tool for study, expressing views is inseparable from the interaction of language and thoughts. While writing is the best way to make both of them perfect together. Writing is not only the way to express oneself, paying attention to the social, communication, and also can cultivate students’ local thinking, imagination, reflect one person’s humanities accomplishment. Writing ability decides how’s Chinese teaching in some way, so writing teaching occupies a very important way in most countries. However, nowadays both students and teachers feel composition pretty hard, students feel noting to write, only to fabricate; teachers are anxious for success, however ineffective. Compositions with false, empty, lack of one’s real feelings exist widely. New standard carries out vitality, the new concept of teaching writing is also gradually advocate, but the exam-oriented education influent deeply, the pace of reform is very slow. Therefore, why not learn other peoples’ successful experience, through a comparative studying, make our composition reform better and quicker. Reading America composition teaching, “the writers studio training method”, “pragmatism of composition teaching approach”, “paying attention to reader consciousness”, ”pay attention to cyber source development”, all of them ar