重庆市保障性住房适度规模实证分析-empirical analysis on moderate scale of affordable housing in chongqing.docxVIP
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重庆市保障性住房适度规模实证分析-empirical analysis on moderate scale of affordable housing in chongqing
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摘要
市场经济条件下,住房保障制度是住房政策的核心内容,也是城镇社会保障体系 的重要组成部分。由于过高的房价以及不断扩大的居民收入差距,城镇中低收入家庭 越来越难在商品住房市场上解决住房问题。保障公民基本居住权是每一个政府的责任 和义务,因此在“市场失灵”的情况下,政府有必要通过行政手段干预住房市场,解 决低收入人群的住房问题,这既是社会收入再分配的重要方式,也是维护社会安定的 重要手段。住房保障的问题不仅仅是一个经济问题,更是一个社会问题。重庆社会经 济正处于高速发展时期,如果城镇保障性住房规模过低,则无法解决住房困难家庭的 基本居住问题,进而可能会影响社会稳定,妨碍经济发展;但是城镇保障性住房规模 也并不是越高越好,过高的保障性住房财政投入力度会给政府财政收支带来沉重负 担。因此,需要综合考虑城镇居民家庭对保障性住房的需求量及政府财政对保障性住 房的供给能力,寻求适度的保障性住房规模,使其既能满足城镇居民家庭对保障性住 房的需求,又与经济发展水平相适应。
我国住房保障起步较晚,对保障性住房适度保障规模的研究迄今为止较少,其中 对刚开始试点实行的公租房制度的研究更是缺乏。本文在借鉴之前学者研究成果的基
础上,对重庆市保障性住房,尤其是公租房的适度规模采用理论与实证相结合的方法
进行分析。
本文以“市场失灵”、“公平分配理论”和“住房过滤模型与梯度消费理论”为研 究的理论基础与依据,从需求与供给这两个角度分别建立基于居民家庭支付能力的保 障性住房需求量模型和基于政府财政负担能力的保障性住房供给量模型,由供给量模 型可以得到政府财政对保障性住房支出额占 GDP 的比重变化范围介于 0.38%-5.43% 之间。然后以重庆市为例,综合考虑供求两方面的结果,得到 2011 年重庆市保障性
住房适度规模应介于 75.78 亿元至 543.62 亿元之间的结果。 此外,本文通过住房保障水平的“倒 U”型曲线发展轨迹假设对重庆市保障性住
房未来的发展趋势做了粗略预测,得出结论:重庆市 2013 至 2017 年住房保障水平呈
快速发展趋势,此阶段下应将中等收入阶层进一步细分,将中等偏下收入的家庭纳入 保障性住房保障对象中,2018 至 2023 年将处于增速减缓期,2024 年之后步入住房保
障水平回落时期。
关键词:适度规模;保障性住房;公租房
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Abstract
Under the conditions of the market economy, the housing security system is central to housing policy, and it is also an important part of the social security system in cities and towns. Because of high real estate prices and the widening income gap, it is becoming more difficult for low-income families to find housing in the commercial housing market. Many believe that access to suitable housing is a right of the people and an obligation of the government. So, in the situation of market failure cases, governments need to adopt programmatic measures to supplement the housing market, and solve the housing problems of low-income peoples. It is both an important way to ensure equity through redistribution and an important measure to maintain social stability. Chongqing is experiencing rapid economic development. Without sufficient publicly-subsidized housing, the housing problem of poor families cannot be solved, which in turn may affect social stability and obstruct economic devel
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