车辆自组织网络连通性分析与路由协议优化分析-connectivity analysis and routing protocol optimization analysis of vehicle ad hoc network.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 摘要 车辆自组织网络是由安装有无线通信设备的车辆作为网络节点而形成的分布 式自组织网络。车辆自组织网络的连通性是受限资源，它能从本质上反映网络特 点。如何获得较高的连通性是个亟待解决的问题。由于车辆节点的移动性，造成 了无线信号频繁中断以及传统自组织网络路由协议的失败与低效。路由协议的设 计面临各种挑战。针对上述问题，本文从连通性和路由协议两个方面对车辆自组 织网络进行了研究。 本文首先对车辆自组织网络的概念、网络特点进行了总结，并分析了车辆自 组织网络的通讯模式以及应用特点。基于上面的分析，本文的主要工作有： 1 分析连通性。本文利用排队论和概率论等知识，从连通持续时间和连通性 概率两个方面对连通性进行了深入的分析和研究，并进一步分析了连通性属性。 这些分析与结论对车辆自组织网络的系统设计有极大的帮助作用。并且，本文引 入了一个全新的概念——可用连通度，它对衡量网络状态、探究网络中节点间的 连通关系具有重要作用。对可用连通度的仿真分析也说明了可用连通度的重要性。 2 研究基于连通度的路由算法。鉴于目前车辆自组织网络中的一些路由存在不 适用的问题，我们提出了加权多路径连通性感知路由协议。此协议利用了路段上 的连通性概率来选择路径集合，并采用加权方式选择路径，能运行在稠密网络和 稀疏网络中。与传统的几种协议相比，其在数据投递率、平均时延和吞吐量方面 均有明显的性能提升。最后，本文对课题进行了总结和展望，并为进一步研究车 辆自组织网络提出了建议。 关键词：车辆自组织网络 连通性 排队论 路由协议 Ab Abstract Abstract Vehicular Ad hoc networks (VANETs) are distributed and self-organized, with nodes, i.e. vehicles, equipped with wireless communication interface devices. The connectivity, which reflects the network characteristics, is limited in VANETs. How to improve connectivity needs further study. Network disconnections, failures and inefficiency occur frequently in traditional ad hoc routing protocols due to high nodal mobility. The design of routing protocols faces challenges. Therefore, this article conducts a research on network connectivity and routing protocols. We first review and summarize the notion and network characteristics of VANETs in this thesis. The communication patterns and applications of VANETs are surveyed as well. With the discussion above, we continue our study with the following considerations: Connectivity analysis. The connection duration and the probability of connectivity are presented respectively in the study of connectivity where queuing theory and probability theory are introduced. Further, the properties of connectivity are analyzed. The results of analysis and the derived conclusions are significantly helpful for system design in VANETs. A new notion, available connectivity, is defined for exploration of connection relations between the nodes. The simulation results conf