植物源抑真菌剂在中药材养护中应用前景及展望.docVIP

植物源抑真菌剂在中药材养护中应用前景及展望 　　[摘要]中药材在生长、收获、运输、加工、储藏的过程中，易受到各种真菌的浸染而产生真菌毒素，这不仅影响中药材及其加工品的质量安全，而且严重威胁人类的身体健康和生命安全。在中药材养护中，化学养护法是利用化学合成抑菌剂熏蒸药材以达到抑制真菌生长及真菌毒素积累的目的，但由于易造成残留、降解周期长、污染环境等缺点，不利于长期大剂量使用。因此，研发有效的、安全无毒的、纯天然的、对环境友好的植物源抑真菌剂替代化学药剂，对中药材的“绿色”科学养护具有非常重要的意义。该文对真菌毒素及其危害、植物中有效抑菌成分和抑菌机制进行了综述，以期为研发植物源抑真菌剂提供科学参考，并对植物源抑真菌剂在中药材科学养护中的应用前景进行了展望。 　　[关键词]真菌毒素；植物源抑真菌剂；抑菌机制；中药材养护；应用前景 　　[Abstract]During the process of growth， harvesting， transportation， processing and storage， Chinese herbal medicines （CHMs） can be easily contaminated by fungi and their metabolites like mycotoxins， which not only express negative effects on the quality and safety of CHMs and their processed products， but also pose great threats to human health Now， some chemical synthetic fungicides have been frequently used to control the growth of fungi and accumulation of mycotoxins in the preservation of CHMs However， the concentration and type of chemical fungicides allowed for postharvest application are restricted due to the disadvantages of their high residual toxicity， long degradation period and pollution to the environment and so on Therefore， it is critical to research and develop some highly effective， safe and nontoxic， natural， environmentfriendly fungistatic agents from plants to prevent CHMs from being contaminated by fungi and mycotoxins The paper reviews mycotoxins and their harmfulness， the effective compounds of fungistatic plants as well as the antifungal mechanism to provide scientific evidences for developing novel and effective fungistatic agents plants Then， the application prospect of fungistatic agents from plants in the preservation of CHMs was discussed 　　[Key words]mycotoxins； fungistatic agents of plant materials； antifungal mechanism； preservation of Chinese herbal medicines； application prospect 　　中药材具有季节性、地域性等特点，其品质的好坏除与中药材的生长、采收、加工、运输和储藏过程关系密切，其中，储藏过程是保证中药材质量的重要环节[1]。中药材种类繁多，基质复杂，成分各异，若无科学的养护方法，易受自然界中温度、湿度、空气、光照、微生物等多种物理、化学及生物因素的影响而出现变质的现象。中药材从田间生长，到采集后不及时干燥、储藏不当或在运输和加工过程中处理不善，