格式塔理论和羡余现象在完形填空中运用.docVIP

格式塔理论和羡余现象在完形填空中运用 　　【内容摘要】本文考查了格式塔心理学理论和羡余现象在高考英语完形填空题型设计中的体现，并由此总结完形填空题的答题原则，分析学生答题中的一些不当习惯，以期矫正答题方法。 　　【关键词】格式塔理论 羡余现象 完形填空 技巧 　　从历年全国各省份高考英语试题来看，完形填空题型都是必考题型，同时它也是学生最棘手的题型之一。要想提升学生完形填空的答题能力，除了加强训练，改变一些不当的答题习惯，矫正答题方法也是非常重要的。 　　格式塔心理学，又称“完形心理学”。该理论认为，人们认识事物并非对个别刺激作出反应，而是对整体作出反应。格式塔整体性原则强调人感知到整体的现象之后才注意到构成整体的诸成分，人的感知不是各种感觉要素的复合，也不是先感知各种成分再注意到整体。英语完形填空题的设计理念正是基于格式塔的“完形”理论。完形填空要求考生把握文章整体结构，主体内容，思想情感，行文脉络，然后补充空白，使补全后的文章意思通顺流畅、条理清晰、逻辑性强、前后连贯、结构完整。 　　完形填空题的设计还体现了应用语言学的羡余现象。羡余现象是指语言形式超过了所表意义的需要。在完形中，所设空白处的语言对于整个语篇来说是“多余的”语言形式，少了这部分语言形式，不影响语篇的整体理解，反过来，整个语篇的把握又是空白处填写的依据。 　　基于此原因，我们不难理解完形填空题为何能够通过考查学生对文章整体结构的把握和理解以及句与句子之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系把握来帮助填写空白处的词汇。由此，从答题方法来说，做完形填空题时，一定要通读全文，把握文章的整体内容，行文思路和情感倾向。要达到这一点，关注首句、主题句、表示起承转合的单词的意思和作用就尤为重要。以下以宁德市2015年二月质检卷为例来说明。 　　People might tell you， “Oh， boy！ Get ready. The move from high school to college is a 36 one！” 　　As excited as you are to get out of the house and away from the absolute 37 of your parents， there will be a 38 maybe early on， maybe later that you will start feeling a little homesick. 　　You cant go home every time you feel homesick. Even if your school is 39 to your home， resist the urge to return on weekends for food and laundry services. 40 at least until Columbus Day to leave the new 41 youre trying to create， which will help you step 42 your comfort zone. The whole point of college beyond getting a 43 is for you to get out and make some decisions for yourself， to foster your 44. 　　The best cure for homesickness is to get out and 45 in something. Anything！ It will help youre your 46 off your homesickness， and give you the opportunity to get 47 and have a little extra fun as well. You will meet new people who have similar 48， and maybe even contribute to a worthy 49 that makes a difference in somebody elses 50. Imagine that. Cure your homesickness and provide a service to mankind. Thats a 51 play. 　　Another great cure for homesickness is 52 exercise. Go for a walk or a slow run around campus. Go to the gym. Or 53