艾耶尔意义理论研究马克思主义哲学专业论文.docxVIP

I 摘 要 摘 要 意义理论是分析哲学家研究的中心问题之一。在逻辑实证主义者那里，这个问题是 指经验意义的标准问题。可是，由于逻辑实证主义的意义证实理论从二十世纪三十年代 起就受到来自这个学派内部和外部的批评，在继承了休谟、维特根斯坦、石里克、卡尔 纳普等人思想的基础上，艾耶尔发展出一套意义证实理论，其主要是为了解决逻辑实证 主义所面临的理论困难。 分析命题和综合命题的区分和可证实原则是艾耶尔意义理论的两大支柱，艾耶尔对 命题的区分是意义标准和证实原则的理论基础，是拒斥形而上学的重要根据。同时这两 大支柱和真理问题密切相关，在艾耶尔那里，只有分析命题和综合命题才是有意义的， 这样就把探讨真理的范围缩小到有意义的命题范围之内，为探讨有效真理扫清了道路。 艾耶尔认为，如果采取石里克等人主张的最后的可证实性作为意义标准，那么我们在逻 辑上不得不以处理形而上学家的陈述的同样方式来处理有实际意义的自然规律和日常 语言的普遍命题。艾耶尔为了确定一个命题的意义，提出“可证实性原则”的意义标准。 艾耶尔对意义标准进行了各种区分，他想提出一个不用最后的证实来检验综合命题的意 义的方法，以此来解决逻辑实证主义所遇到的困难。 由于艾耶尔意义理论的两大支柱存在着不足和缺陷，他并没有能够最终解决该问 题。但艾耶尔对逻辑实证主义的继承和发展，有利于逻辑实证主义意义证实思想的广泛 传播和自身的完善。同时，艾耶尔的意义理论中所体现出来的问题对其他逻辑实证主义 者和对后起的哲学的发展都产生了重要的影响。 关键词 艾耶尔 意义理论 真理 II Abstract Abstract The theory of meaning is one of the central problems that the analytic philosophers research. In the view of logical positivists, the question is what is the criterion of experiential meaning. However, there were criticisms on logical positivism′s verifiability theory of meaning from internal and external of the school from the 20th century 30′s. On the basis of his inheriting the thinking of Hume,Wittgenstein,Schlick,Carnap,Ayer developed a verifiability theory of meaning to solve theoretical difficulties faced by logical positivism. In addition to the distinction between analytic and synthetic propositions, the principle of verification is also a pillar of Ayer’s theory of meaning. Ayer’s distinction between analytic and synthetic propositions is the theoretical basis of criterion of meaning and verifiable principle, which is key to eliminate metaphysics too. Moreover, these two pillars are closely related to question of truth, in Ayer’s view, only analytic and synthetic propositions were meaningful, so, the scope of exploring the truth was reduced the significant proposition’s scope, which cleared the way for exploring the effective truth. Ayer held that if we adopted concluslive verifiability as our criterion of singnificance, as Schlick and others had proposed, we were logically obliged to