进化生态学在生物多样性监测与评价领域应用研究.docVIP

进化生态学在生物多样性监测与评价领域应用研究 　　【摘 要】随着《中国生物多样性保护战略和行动指南（2010-2030）》的贯彻实施，生物多样性监测与评价工作将在全国范围陆续开展。进化生态学作为阐述生物多样性演化规律和机理的基础性学科，其数量研究方法在20世纪70年代后得到了迅速的发展。本文从三个层面系统性总结、筛选了进化生态学在植物生态领域的主流研究方法，其中在生态系统层面，群落演替的主成分分析和聚类分析方法、群落的可恢复性、可持续性、变异性、抗干扰性、边缘效应等主题被筛选为主要分析方法；在种群层面，种间关联指数、相关系数、分离指数、生态位宽度指数、生态位重叠指数等概念可以全面阐释植物种群的演替规律；在遗传层面，哈迪-温伯格平衡度的检测、等位基因频率、多态位点百分数、平均位点的等位基因数、平均位点的预期杂合度、Nei氏遗传分化系数、Nei氏遗传一致度、遗传距离、聚类分析、遗传贡献率等方法在分子进化分析中的应用相对广泛。 　　【关键词】生物多样性评价；生物多样性监测；进化生态学 　　Review of Evolutionary Ecology Study and Its Application on Biodiversity Monitoring and Assessment 　　LIU Huan OUYANG Tianlin TIAN Cheng-qing 　　（Jiangxi Provincial Forest Science and Technology Experiment Cente， Xinfeng Jiangxi 341600，China） 　　【Abstract】After Chinese Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Planning （2010-2030） is implemented in China， biodiversity monitoring and assessment projects are increasing steadily in national wide. The statistical methods of evolutionary ecology study have been developed quickly since 1970s， which provides the theory underlying the interpretation of biodiversity evolution in ecosystem. This article summarizes the evolutionary ecology methods which have been relatively broadly applied on botanical species from three layers： for ecosystem diversity， the principle component index （PCI） and cluster analysis for community succession analysis， ecosystem resilience， sustainability， variance， resistance capacity and edge effects are identified as the main analysis methods； for species diversity， the conceptions of inter-specific association， rank correlation coefficient， segregation index， coefficient of niche breadth and coefficient of niche overlap can fully interpret the succession of plant populations in ecosystem； for genetic diversity， the methods including Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium， allele frequency， percentage of polymorphic loci， mean number of alleles per locus， mean expected heterozygosity per locus， Nei’ coefficient of gene differentiation， Nei’ genetic identity， genet