独立运行光伏发电系统功率控制分析-电气工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 在绿色可再生能源当中，太阳能凭其独特的优点受到了一致青睐。在太阳能的各 种应用中，光伏发电倍受关注。由于光伏发电系统具有结构简单、维护方便和可靠性 高等优点，得到一定程度的应用且潜力巨大。本文研究独立运行光伏发电系统的结构、 工作机理和控制策略，以期进一步提高系统的性能，实现系统的优化及可靠运行。 本文首先综述了光伏发电系统的国内外发展概况、系统分类及独立运行光伏发电 系统的利用形式；介绍了独立运行光伏发电系统组成及工作原理，论述了光伏阵列、 蓄电池及控制器等系统各组成部分的运行原理及光伏电池模型。 其次，在分析独立运行光伏发电系统工况的基础上，给出了融合最大功率点跟踪 控制、蓄电池充放电控制和负载跟踪控制的功率控制策略，这种策略考虑了系统的各 种工况，有利于实现系统的优化及可靠运行；分析了最大功率点跟踪控制原理，比较 几种现有的最大功率点跟踪控制方法，在此基础上给出一种电流环自适应给定的最大 功率跟踪控制方法，并进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明，与固定步长方法相比，该方法 具有较好的快速性和准确性。 最后，在太阳能资源和用户用电分析的基础上，对系统主电路及外围电路进行了 设计，制作了用 AP 法设计的电感，对 Buck 电路进行了实验研究，得到了一些实验结 果。 关键词：光伏发电；最大功率点跟踪控制；自适应算法 Abstract In green and renewable energy, solar energy with unusual advantages is accepted commonly, and photovoltaic (pv) generating systems of its various applications are paid more attention. With simple structure, convenient maintenance and high reliability, stand-alone pv generating systems find a certain degree application in industry and people’s daily life, and have tremendous potential development in the near future. The structure, working mechanism and control strategies of stand-alone pv generating systems are studied to further improve its performance, and realize its optimal and reliable operation in this thesis. Firstly, the domestic and oversea development situation of pv generating systems, the system classification and utilizing forms of stand-alone pv generating systems are summarized in the thesis. The configuration and working principle of stand-alone pv generation systems are introduced, and operating principle of pv array, battery, controller as well as model of pv array are discussed. Secondly, based on analyzing the working states of stand-alone pv generating systems, the power control strategy, which consists of maximum power point tracking control, battery charging and discharging, and load power tracking, are given to make the system to operate in both optimal and reliable conditions. MPPT control principle and several existing MPPT control methods are discussed, and a novel maximum