独立运行小型风力发电系统功率控制技术研究-检测技术与自动化装置专业论文.docx

摘 要 对于独立运行小型风力发电系统，最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）控制是提高功率转换 效率的重要方法，合理的蓄电池管理和控制是延长其寿命的重要手段。本文给出了结 合 MPPT 控制、蓄电池充放电控制和负载跟踪控制的功率控制策略，以期实现独立运 行小型风力发电系统的优化及可靠运行。 论文首先介绍了课题的背景、目的和意义，综述了国内外风力发电发展概况；给 出了支持功率控制策略且结构简单的小型风力发电系统结构，它包括风力机、永磁同 步发电机（PMSG）、二极管整流桥、Buck 变换器、蓄电池、逆变器和控制器；在分析 系统工作原理基础上，建立系统部件的数学模型及系统完整的仿真模型，并给出了风 力机输出功率与 Buck 变换器占空比特性曲线的模拟结果。 其次，分析了正弦波小扰动、最佳转矩曲线和扰动观察法等几种现有的最大功率 点跟踪策略，给出了变步长扰动 MPPT 策略，论述了蓄电池充放电控制策略；分析了 风力机输出功率、负载功率和蓄电池状态三者之间的关系，给出了兼顾 MPPT 控制、 蓄电池充放电控制和负载跟踪控制的功率控制策略；基于系统模型，进行了 MPPT 控 制的仿真研究，结果表明，与固定步长扰动策略相比，变步长扰动 MPPT 控制策略提 高了最大功率点跟踪的快速性和准确性。 最后，设计了功率控制主电路的结构及参数，制作和调试了电感和 Buck 变换器， 实验结果初步验证了功率控制主电路设计的可行性和正确性。 关键词：风力发电；最大功率点跟踪； Buck 变换器 Abstract For stand-alone small wind power generation systems, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control is an important method of improving power conversion efficiency, and the reasonable management and control of battery is an important means of prolonging their life. A power control strategy, which combines MPPT control and charging and discharging control of batteries with load tracking control, is given to make the small wind power generation systems to operate in both optimal and reliable conditions in this thesis. Firstly, the background of research work is introduced, and the domestic and oversea development of wind power is summarized. The configuration of small wind power generation systems with simple structure, which consists of wind turbine, PMSG, diode rectifying bridge, Buck converter, batteries, and controller, is put forward to realize the power control strategy. Based on the analysis of work principle of the system, the mathematic model of components and simulation model of entire system are established, and the relationship between output power of turbine and duty of Buck converter is calculated and drawn. Secondly, after analyzing several MPPT methods such as the small sine perturbation, optimum torque curve and perturbation observation, a variable step perturbation MPPT method is given, and the charging and disch