掺杂炭材料的制备及其电化学性能研究-应用化学专业论文.docxVIP

掺杂炭 掺杂炭材料的制备及其电化学性能研究 II II Abstract Due to the advantage of richness in raw materials, low cost and special physico-chemical properties, carbon materials have been widely used in many fields such as storage of gas, purifying sewage and catalyst, especially in electrode materials. Thus carbon materials have attracted more and more attention from scientists in electrode material field. In this paper, doped carbon materials have been prepared from polyaniline (PANI) particles and polyaniline nanotubes obtained via still reaction by carbonization and activation. These carbon materials have been used for electrode materials of supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries. Their electrochemical performances were studied. The major contents of the paper are as follows: Doped carbons have been prepared from polyaniline by steam activation for supercapacitors. Orthogonal experiments were carried out to study the influence of conditions and find out the optimum technological condition: the carbonization temperature was 700 ℃, the activation temperature was 850 ℃ and the activation time was 2 h. The carbon has a BET surface area of 584 m2/g and presents micropore structure. 84% of the nitrogen atoms in this marerial exist in forms of pyridinic and pyrrolic. The specific capacitance is 170 F/g. The cycle performance is also satisfactory. The specific capacitance retained 96.5% of original specific capacitance after 2000 cycles. Polyaniline nanotubes were prepared by the self-assembly method. Conditional experiments were carried out to study the influence of component concentration and find out the optimum media－the mixed solution of 0.4 mol/L acetic acid and 1.0 mol/L methanol. FTIR spectra and SEM images of PANI intermediates demonstrate that PANI nanotubes form through a self-curling behavior. Doped carbon nanotubes have been prepared from these polyaniline nanotubes by carbonization and oxygen activation for supercapacitors. Orthogonal experiments were employed to stu