二维散射问题的拟最优区域分解方法-计算数学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 海洋水下声波的传播，电磁散射问题，声波散射和水波传播等问题都可归结为散 射问题.另外，当用某些数值方法求解线性抛物型方程或线性双曲型方程的初边值问 题时，会导致求解 Helmholt 方程的外问题.因此，研究 Helmholtz 方程的外问题的数 值解法是十分有意义的. 本文主要研究环形域二维散射问题的快速求解算法. 第一，提出了求解环形域二维散射问题的快速数值方法. 先用有限元离散得到离 散方程组，在此基础上提出一种有效的快速求解方法. 对所对应的离散方程，通过快 速傅里叶变换和 LU 分解化为维数较小的界面方程，再通过预处理最终得到方程的解. 第二，提出了求解环形域二维散射问题的拟最优非重叠区域分解方法. 首先讨论 传输条件对于求解 Helmholtz 外问题的作用，然后把复杂的区域分解为若干个互相覆 盖的子区域，在此基础上构造拟最优 Schwarz 算法. 在子区域上，使用前一章构造的 快速求解算法. 关键词：散射问题；有限元；区域算法；快速傅里叶变换；预处理 Abstract Some problems are all boiled down the scattering problems, such as sound waves of underwater in ocean, electromagnetic scattering, acoustic scattering and water waves spread. In addition, when some numerical methods are used to solve the linear parabolic equation or linear hyperbolic equation with initial boundary value problems, it can lead to problems outside Helmholt equation. Therefore, it is quite important to research the numerical methods of the exterior Helmholtz equation problems. This paper mainly studies rapid solution algorithm for two-dimensional scattering in the annular domain. Firstly, a fast numerical method of the two-dimensional scattering problems in annular domain is presented. First, discrete equations are obtained by the finite element discrete. Then, we proposed an effective fast algorithm based on this. For the corresponding discrete equation, the discrete equation is translated into interface equation of smaller dimension through the fast Fourier transform and the LU decomposition, the final solution of the equation is obtained by preconditioning. Secondly, a quasi-optimal nonoverlapping decomposition method for solving the two-dimensional scattering problems in annular domain. First, we discusse the function of the transmission conditions for solving the exterior Helmholtz problems. Then, the complex areas are decomposed into several sub areas, which are covered each other. A quasi-optimal Schwarz algorithm is established, and the fast algorithm is used on the sub a