传声器中的Σ Δ调制器设计-集成电路工程专业论文.docxVIP

Classified Index: TN641+.2 U.D.C: 621.3 Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering DESIGN OF SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR IN MICROPHONE Candidate： Tang Xiao Supervisor： Associate Prof. Wang Yongsheng Academic Degree Applied for： Master of Engineering Engineering Field： Integrated Circuit Engineering Affiliation： SV Samford Instruments.,Ltd. Date of Defence： December, 2011 Degree-Conferring-Institution： Harbin Institute of Technology 摘 要 近年来，随着数字信号处理技术发展的突飞猛进和优势展现，数字传声器 也开始越来越受到市场的关注青睐，并已逐渐形成一种趋势。数字传声器直接 输出数字信号，不仅能更好的屏蔽干扰获得更好的语音质量，而且能更好的衔 接应用后端数字信号处理，达到功能优化模块简化的效果。当前音频ADC比较 常用的是采用Sigma-Delta（Σ-?）结构，结合过采样技术，对量化误差噪声进行 整形，降低带内量化噪声，实现高精度的目的，最终把音频模拟信号转换为过 采样的PDM（Pulse Density Modulation，脉冲密度调制）格式的数字信号。 本论文主要设计了一款适用于电容式数字麦克风的模数转换的调制器，采 用单环两阶的结构设计了一款达24kHz基频宽，16位精度的过采样Σ-? A/D转换 器的调制器部分，利用Matlab里的Simulink建立了调制器的行为级建模和仿真， 并通过反馈的仿真数据指导优化。构建了Simulink环境下的调制器的噪声模型， 克服电路中存在的一些非理想特性。调制器采用全差分开关电容电路实现，在 行为级设计的基础上，整体电路设计，按模块划分了时钟电路、开关电容积分 器、运放(OTA)、一位量化比较器四个部分，分别进行独立的分析设计和参数 修正，整体的电路利用Hspice进行仿真，得出数据再导入Matlab分析得到调制器 的频谱，并对比理想模型下仿真的参数。 仿真结果数据对比显示，设计的Σ-?调制器含失真的信噪比为85.5dB，接近 14位的转换精度,基本满足设计的预期目标。 关键词：数字传声器；过采样 Σ-? 调制器；量化噪声及整形；仿真 Abstract As the fast development of DSP during the past few years, its advantage and pooulation has been obvious in the market. Under this background, digital microphone is becoming the favor in the microphone market, and has gradually formed a kind of trend. Digital microphone means that can give out digital signal directly as the analog to digital convertor has been fit in microphone. So we can get better sound quallity and shielding interference, and direct digital signal means it can match the DSP much more conveniencely to realize function optimization and module simplification. Currently the most ADC type used in microphone is Sigma-Delta(Σ-?) structure, which combined with oversampling technic and noise shapping technic, it help to low down the noise in base band and improve the precision of the ADC, finally get an available PDM(Pulse Density Modulatio